Bibliography for Lollard Studies: Secondary Sources

This bibliography is intended to embrace all fields relevant to Lollard studies. It therefore includes texts and studies about the literary, historical, cultural, and religious milieu of Lollardy as well as texts specifically about the heresy itself.

There are now just two sections:

Collections of Articles, and
Secondary Source Studies; these are divided alphabetically into four roughly equal parts: A-D, E-J, K-P, and R-Z.

The Secondary Sources are not subdivided by discipline because it has proven impossible to find categories which do anything but confuse rather than clarify the content of the sources. As a help here, however, the brief summaries which are regularly included in the "Recent Publications" section of Lollard Society Newsletter will be appended to new entries as they appear. For more help, see Pitard, "A Selected Bibliography for Lollard Studies," indexed under "Bibliographies and Indices" on the Bibliography of Primary Sources.

This page is kept as one file to allow word searches of the whole list at once (use the "Find" command in your browser). Under any one author's name, works are listed chronologically. The first section, "Collections of Articles," includes titles referred to in the sections which follow. This eliminates having to cite these volumes in each section. None of the volumes in this section are periodicals, though they may be part of a series. If you find a shortened reference, refer back to the top of the page for the full reference. If you want to find the articles in a volume, use the "Find" command in your browser to look for the editor(s) of the volume you are interested in.

Also see the Bibliography of Primary Sources. Since these bibliographies are meant to be complete listings of texts and studies relevant to Lollardy, please let us know of any new references which should be included.

COLLECTIONS OF ARTICLES

The books listed in this section contain more than one article listed elsewhere by a shortened reference (which is given by name, and then by title as well if necessary to avoid confusion).

Alford, John, ed. A Companion to Piers Plowman. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1988.

Ambler, Rod, and Glenn Burgess. Historical Research 77.195 (Feb. 2004). [This is a volume of essays in appreciation of the work of A.G Dickens (1910-2001). Essays are not listed individually below.]

Aston, Margaret. Lollards and Reformers: Images and Literacy in Late Medieval Religion. London: Hambledon, 1984.

---. Faith and Fire: Popular and Unpopular Religion, 1350-1600. London: Hambledon, 1993

Aston, M. and Colin Richmond, eds. Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Baker, Derek, ed. Schism, Heresy, and Religious Protest. Studies in Church History 9. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1972.

---, ed. The Materials, Sources, and Methods of Ecclesiastical History. Studies in Church History 11. London: Barnes and Noble, 1975.

Beer, Jeanette. Translation Theory and Practice in the Middle Ages. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan Univ. Press, 1997.

Benskin, M., and M.L. Samuels, eds. So Meny People, Longages, and Tonges: Philological Essays in Scots and Mediaeval English Presented to Angus McIntosh. Edinburgh: Middle English Dialect Project, 1981.

Biller, Peter, and Anne Hudson, eds. Heresy and Literacy, 1000-1530. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature 23. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994.

Biller, Peter, and Barrie Dobson, eds. The Medieval Church: Universities, Heresy, and the Religious Life. Studies in Church History, Subsidia 11. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1999.

Boffey, J., and V.J. Scattergood, eds. Texts and their Contexts: Papers from the Early Book Society. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998.

Catto, J.I., and Ralph Evans, eds. The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. 2, Late Medieval Oxford. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992.

Copeland, Rita, ed. Criticism and Dissent in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996.

Copeland, Rita, David Lawton, and Wendy Scase, eds. New Medieval Literatures II. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998.

Cuming, G.J., ed. The Church and Academic Learning. Studies in Church History 5. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1969.

Dimmick, Jeremy, James Simpson, and Nicolette Zeeman, eds. Images, Idolatry, and Iconoclasm in Medieval England: Textuality and the Visual Image. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002.

Dobson, Barrie, ed. Church, Politics and Patronage in the Fifteenth Century. New York: Alan Sutton, 1984.

Edwards, A.S.G., ed. Middle English Prose: A Critical Guide to Major Authors and Genres. New Brunswick: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1984.

Edwards, A.S.G., and Derek Pearsall, eds. Middle English Prose: Essays on Bibliographical Problems. New York: Garland, 1981.

Fletcher, Alan J. Preaching and Politics in Late Medieval England. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998.

Fumigalli, Maria Theresa, and Stefano Simonietta, eds. John Wyclif: Logica, Politica, Teologia. Florence: SISMEL, 2003.

Given-Wilson, Christopher, ed. Fourteenth Century England II. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2002.

Griffiths, Jeremy, and Derek Pearsall, eds. Book Production and Publishing in Britain 1375-1475. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989.

Hanawalt, Barbara, ed. Chaucer's England: Literature in Historical Context. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1992.

Hanawalt, B., and David Wallace, eds. Bodies and Disciplines: Intersections of Literature and History in Fifteenth Century England. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1996.

Hanna III, Ralph. Pursuing History: Middle English Manuscripts and Their Texts. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1996.

Hudson, Anne. Lollards and Their Books. London: Hambledon, 1985.

Hudson, Anne, and M. Wilks, eds. From Ockham to Wyclif. Studies in Church History, Subsidia 5. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.

John Wyclif e la tradizione degli studi biblici in Inghilterra. [No editor given.] Genova: Il Melangolo, 1987.

Justice, S., and K. Kerby-Fulton, eds. Written Work: Langland, Labor and Authorship. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

Lášek, Jan Blâhoslav. Jan Hus mezi epochami, národy a konfesemi. Praha: Ceská krestanská akademie: Husitská teologická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, 1995.

Lawton, David, Rita Copeland, and Wendy Scase, eds. New Medieval Literatures III. Oxford: Clarendon, 1999.

Kenny, Anthony, ed. Wyclif in His Times. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986.

Minnis, A.J., ed. Crux and Controversy in Middle English Textual Criticism. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1992.

---, ed. Late Medieval Religious Texts and Their Transmission: Essays in Honour of A.I. Doyle. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1994.

Nichols, Stephen, and Siegfried Wenzel, eds. The Whole Book: Cultural Perspectives on the Medieval Miscellany. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1996.

Pánek, Jaroslav, Miloslav Polívka, and Noemi Rejchrtová, eds. Hussitisim—Reformation—Renaissance. Festschrift for Frantisek Šmahel on his Sixtieth Birthday. Praha: Historicy ústav, 1994.

Patschovsky, A., and F. Šmahel, eds. Eschatologie und Hussitismus. Prague: Historisches Institüt, 1996.

Pearsall, Derek, ed. Studies in the Vernon Manuscript. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1990.

Scase, Wendy, Rita Copeland, and David Lawton, eds. New Medieval Literatures I. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

Seibt, Ferdinand et al., eds. Jan Hus: Zwischen Zeiten, Volkern, Konfessionen. Veroffentlichungen des Collegium Carolinum, 85. Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1997.

Sheils, W.J., and Diana Wood, eds. Voluntary Religion. Studies in Church History 23. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

Sheils, W.J., and Diana Wood, eds. The Church and Wealth. Studies in Church History 24. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987.

Šmahel, Frantisek, and Elizabeth Müller-Luckner, eds. Häresie und vorzeitige Reformation im Spätmittelalter. München: Oldenburg, 1998.

Somerset, Fiona, Jill Havens, and Derrick Pitard, eds. Lollards and Their Influence in Late Medieval England. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2003.

Somerset, Fiona and Nicholas Watson. The Vulgar Tongue: Medieval and Postmedieval Vernacularity. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.

Southern, R.W., ed. Oxford Studies Presented to Daniel Callus. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1964.

Spinka, M. Advocates of Reform from Wyclif to Erasmus. Library of Christian Classics, vol. 14. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1953.

Spufford, Margaret, ed. The World of Rural Dissenters, 1520-1725. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995.

Stanley, Eric G., and Douglas Gray, eds. Five Hundred Years of Words and Sounds: A Festschrift for Eric Dobson. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983.

Riche, Pierre, and Guy Lobrichon, eds. Le Moyen Âge et la Bible. Paris: Editions Beauchesne, 1984.

Wallace, David, ed. The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998.

Walsh, Katherine, and Diana Wood, eds. The Bible in the Medieval World: Essays in Memory of Beryl Smalley. Studies in Church History, Subsidia 4. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985.

Wilks, Michael. Wyclif: Political Ideas and Practice. Intro. by Anne Hudson. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2000.

Wood, Diana, ed. The Church and Sovereignity c. 590-1918: Essays in Honour of Michael Wilks. Studies in Church History, Subsidia 9. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991.

---. Life and Thought in the Northern Church, c. 1100-c. 1700: Essays in Honour of Claire Cross. Studies in Church History, Subsidia 12. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1999.

---. English Women and Religion c. 500-1500. Oxford: Oxbow, 2003.

Zimmermann, Albert, ed. Antiqui und Moderni: Traditionbewusstsein und Fortschrittsbewusstsein im späten Mittelalter. Miscellanea Mediaevalia, Vol. 9. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1974.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Multiple studies by individual authors are listed in order of publication.

Adams, Robert. "Piers' Pardon and Langland's Semi-Pelagianism." Traditio 39 (1983): 367-418.

Alford, John. ---. "Langland's Theology." Alford 87-116.

---. "The Design of the Poem." Alford 29-66.

Aers, David. "Christ's Humanity and Piers Plowman: Contexts and Political Implications." The Yearbook of Langland Studies 8 (1995): 107-25.

---. "Vox Populi and the Literature of 1381." Wallace 432-53.

---. "Christ's Humanity and Piers Plowman: Contexts and Political Implications." The Yearbook of Langland Studies 8 (1995): 107-25.

---. Faith, Ethics, and Church: Writing in England, 1360-1409. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2000.

---. "The Sacrament of the Altar in Piers Plowman and the Late Medieval Church in England." Dimmick, Simpson, and Zeeman, 63-80. [Aers is primarily concerned with Langland, but uses Lollardy at several points. Aers argues that "we must be careful not to read Piers Plowman with the prejudice that it must fit an 'orthodoxy' shaped by the Church's war to eliminate Wycliffite inflections of Christianity. . . . We must not begin our reading of the poem with the assumption that to set aside the dominant, orthodox representation of the sacrament of the altar is to set aside sacramental theology and the sacrament of the alter--even if that is what orthodox polemic was not claiming" (65, 67).]

---. "John Wyclif: Poverty and the Poor." Yearbook of Langland Studies 17 (2003): 55-72. [The essay, a contribution to a special section on "Langland and Lollardy," argues that, contrary to opinion of some scholars, Langland and Wyclif didn't entirely agree on the subjects of evangelical poverty and attention to the contemporary poor. Whereas Langland is more critically reflexive, Wyclif contradicts himself by endorsing the material interests of the secular elites.]

---. "Walter Brut's Theology of the Sacrament of the Altar." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 115-126.

---. Sanctifying Signs: Making Christian Tradition in Late Medieval England. South Bend, IN: Notre Dame UP, 2004. [Aers begins with orthodox accounts of the sacrament of the altar in order to think about the place of sanctification and signs in works by William Langland, John Wyclif, Walter Brut, and William Thorpe. Central to the book is Aers's re-conceptualization of the notion of orthodoxy and its attendant term, heresy, terms which have come to define modern accounts of medieval sacramental theology, even where they are acknowledged to be imprecise descriptors of literary texts. As Aers puts it, these "nominalizations can bestow an apparent solidity, an obviousness, on what they refer to, distracting us from the networks of interaction from which these terms are, in a sense, abstractions" (viii); later, he points out that, "a text could draw on traditional resources in a manner that went against the grain of recent and emergent orthodoxy, in ritual practice and theology, without being judged as heretical" (ix).]

Aers, David, and Lynn Staley. The Powers of the Holy: Religion, Politics, and Gender in Late Medieval English Culture. University Park: Penn State Univ. Press, 1996. Portions Rptd. in "The Humanity of Christ." Chaucer to Spenser: a Critical Reader. Ed. Derek Pearsall. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. 1-41.

Aita, Shuichi. "Negation in the Wycliffite Sermons." Arthurian and Other Studies Presented to Shunichi Noguchi. Ed. T. Suzuki and T. Mukai. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1993. 241-45.

Allen, Hope Emily. Writings Ascribed to Richard Rolle, Hermit of Hampole, and Materials for His Biography. New York: D.C. Heath, 1927.

Ames, Ruth M. "Corn and Shrimps: Chaucer's Mockery of Religious Controversy." The Late Middle Ages. Ed. P. Cocozzella. Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1984. 71-88.

Archer, Margaret. "Philip Repingdon, Bishop of Lincoln, and his Cathedral Chapter [1405-19]." University of Birmingham Historical Journal 4 (1953-54): 81-97.

Archer, Rowena. "Piety in Question: Noblewomen and Religion in the Later Middle Ages." Wood, English Women 118-40.

Arnold, John. "Lollard Trials and Inquisitorial Discourse." Given-Wilson 81-94. [Arnold argues that, "on the basis of some lexical and manuscript analysis, that there is a greater influence of continental inquisitorial discourse on English heresy prosecutions than has been previously recognized. This has a number of implications for how one might reconsider the English trialevidence, some of which are briefly explored in the essay."]

Aston, Margaret. "Lollardy and Sedition, 1381-1431." Past and Present 17 (1960): 1-44. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 1-47.

---. "Lollardy and the Reformation: Survival or Revival?" History 49 (1964): 149-70. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 219-242.

---. "John Wycliffe's Reformation Reputation." Past and Present 30 (1965): 23-51. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 243-72.

---. "The Impeachment of Bishop Despenser." Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 38 (1965): 127-48.

---. Thomas Arundel: A Study of Church Life in the Reign of Richard II. Oxford: Clarendon, 1967.

---. "Lollard Women Priests?" Journal of Ecclesiastical History 31 (1980): 441-62. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 49-70.

---. "William White's Lollard Followers." Catholic History Review 48 (1982): 469-97. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 71-100.

---. "Devotional Literacy." Aston, Lollard and Reformers 101-133.

---. "Lollards and Images." Aston, Lollard and Reformers 135-192.

---. "Lollardy and Literacy." History 62 (1977): 347-71. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 193-217.

---. "Richard II and the Wars of the Roses." The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack. Ed. F.R.H. Du Boulay and Caroline M. Barron. London: Athlone, 1971. 280-317. Rpt. in Aston, Lollard and Reformers 273-311.

---. "Popular Religious Movements in the Later Middle Ages." The Christian World: A Social and Cultural History of Christianity. Ed. Geoffrey Barraclough. London: Thames and Hudson, 1981. 157-70. Rpt. in Aston, Faith and Fire 1-26.

---. "'Caim's Castles': Poverty, Politics, and Disendowment." Dobson 45-81. Rpt. in Aston, Faith and Fire 95-132.

---. "Works of Religious Instruction." Edwards 413-432.

---. "Wyclif and the Vernacular." Hudson and Wilks 281-330. Rpt. in Aston, Faith and Fire 27-72.

---. England's Iconoclasts. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.

---. "Iconoclasm at Rickmansworth, 1522: Troubles of Churchwardens." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 40 (1989): 524-52. Rpt. in Aston, Faith and Fire 231-260.

---. "Bishops and Heresy: The Defence of the Faith." Aston, Faith and Fire 73-94.

---. "Corpus Christi and Corpus Regni: Heresy and the Peasant's Revolt." Past and Present 143 (1994): 3-47.

---. "Were the Lollards a Sect?" Biller and Dobson 163-92.

---. "Lollard Women." Wood, English Women 166-85.

---. "Lollards and the Cross." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 99-114.

Auksi, P. "Wyclif's Sermons and the Plain Style." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 66 (1975): 5-23.

Bacher, John Rea. The Prosecution of Heretics in Medieval England. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1942.

Baker, James. A Forgotten Great Englishman, or, The Life and Work of Peter Payne, The Wycliffite. London: Religious Tract Society, 1894.

Baldwin, Anna. "The Historical Context." Alford 67-86.

Ball, R.M. "Thomas Cyrcetur, a Fifteenth-Century Theologian and Preacher." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37 (1986): 205-39.

Barish, Jonas. The Antitheatrical Prejudice. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1981.

Barisone, Ermanno. "Wyclif and his Followers and the Method of Translation." John Wyclif 143-53.

Barr, Helen."Wycliffite Representations of the Third Estate." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 197-216.

---. Socioliterary Practice in Medieval England. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001. [Barr examines literary texts "as examples of socioliterary practice. . . . Language exists as a material reality because it is a form of social behavior" (1). "Material language practice" includes various choices writers make (about diction, genre, etc.), and Barr examines a variety of texts to show how later medieval writers deployed these practices to produce social commentary. She looks at, in order, Wynnere and Wastoure, some poems by Hoccleve including the "Poem to Sir John Oldcastle" and parts of the Canterbury Tales; Pearl; Richard the Redeless and Gower's Cronica Tripertita; the Legend of Good Women; the Nun's Priest's Tale; Mum and the Sothsegger and Sir John Clanvowe's Book of Cupide; and Lydgate's The Churl and the Bird.]

Bartos, Frantisek Michálek. "Hus a Viklef." Husitsví a cizina. Prague: Cin, 1931. 20-58.

---. "Hus, Lollardism, and Devotio Moderna in the Fight for a National Bible." Communio Viatorum 3 (1960): 247-54.

---. The Hussite Revolution, 1424-1437. New York: Columbia UP, 1968.

Baudry, L. "A propos de G. d'Ockham et de Wyclef." Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge 12 (1939): 231-51.

Beckwith, Sarah. Christ's Body: Identity, Culture and Society in Late Medieval Writings. London: Routledge, 1993.

---. "Sacrum Signum: Sacramentality and Dissent in York's Theatre of Corpus Christi." Copeland 264-288.

---. Signifying God: Social Relation and Symbolic Act in York's Play of Corpus Christi. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2001. [According to the press release, "In Signifying God, Sarah Beckwith explores the most lavish, long-lasting, and complex form of collective theatrical enterprise in English history: the York Corpus Christi plays. First staged as early as 1376, the plays were performed annually until the late 1500s and involved as much as a tenth of the city in multiple performances at a dozen or more locations. Introducing a radical new understanding of these plays as 'sacramental theater,' Beckwith shows how organizing the plays served as a political mechanism for regulating labor, and how theater and sacrament combined in them to do important theological work. She argues, for instance, that the theology of Corpus Christi in the resurrection plays can only be understood as a theatrical exploration of eucharistic absence and presence. Beckwith frames her study with discussions of twentieth-century manifestations of sacramental theater in Barry Unsworth's novel Morality Play and Denys Arcand's film Jesus of Montreal, and the connections between contemporary revivals of the York Corpus Christi plays and England's heritage culture."]

Bennett, H.S. "The Production and Dissemination of Vernacular Manuscripts in the Fifteenth Century." The Library: A Quarterly Journal. Fifth Series, vol. 1 (1946/7): 167-78.

Bennett, J.A.W. Chaucer at Oxford and at Cambridge. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1974.

Bennett, Michael. Richard II and the Revolution of 1399. Phoenix Mill, UK: Alan Sutton, 1999.

Bennett, W.F. "Communication and Excommunication in the N-Town Conception of Mary." Assays 8 (1995): 119-40.

Benrath, Gustav A. "Wyclif und Hus." Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 62 (1965): 196-216.

---. Wyclif's Bibelkommentar. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1966.

---. "Stand und Aufgaben der Wyclif-Forschung." Theologische-Literaturezeitung 92 (Apr. 1967): 261-64.

---. "Traditionsbewusstsein, Scriftverständnis und Schriftprinzip bei Wyclif." Zimmermann 359-83.

---. John Wyclif. Gestalten der Kirchengeschichte 4. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1983.

Beonio-Brocchieri Fumigalli, M.T. Wyclif: il Comunismo dei Predestinati. Florence: Sansoni, 1975.

---. "Il pensiero di J. Wyclif nel quadro della filosofia del suo secolo." John Wyclif 45-60.

Beonio-Brocchieri Fumigalli, M.T., and M. Parodi. Storia della Filosophia Medievale: Da Boezio a Wyclif. Rome: Editori Laterza, 1988.

Bergs, Alexander. "Social Networks in pre-1500 Britain: Problems, Prospects, Examples." European Journal of English Studies 4 (2000): 239-51. [Bergs conducts three case studies in Middle English sociolinguistics to test the applicability of Lesley Milroy's (1987) concept of social network to historical data analysis. Aside from the Paston Letters and the Peterborough Chronicle, he examines Lollard texts for "to," "for to," and "null" methods of infinitive complement marking, finding that the Wycliffite group developed a distinctive and normative language use that excluded "for to" in many of its functions.]

Bernard, P.P. "Heresy in 14th Century Austria." Medievalia et Humanistica 10 (1956): 50-67.

---."Jerome of Prague, Austria and the Hussites." Church History 27 (1958): 3-22.

Bertelloni, Francisco. "Implicaciones políticos de la eclesologia de Wyclif." Patristica et Mediaevalia 15 (1994): 45-58.

Bertoldi, Lenoci. Il cristianesimo di John Wyclif. Bari: Milella, 1979.

Besserman, Lawrence. Chaucer's Biblical Poetics. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1998.

Betts, R.R. "English and Czech Influence in the Hussite Movement." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 4th series, 21 (1939): 74-102. Rpt. in Betts, ed. Essays in Czech History (London: Athlone, 1969) 132-59.

---. "Jan Hus." History 24 (1939): 97-112.

Bisson, Lillian M. Chaucer and the Late Medieval World. London: Palgrave, 1998.

Black, Antony. Political Thought in Europe 1250-1450. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.

Black, Merja [Merja Stenroos]. "Lollardy, Language Contact, and the Great Vowel Shift: Spellings in the Defence Papers of William Swinderby." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 99 (1998): 53-69.

Blake, Norman. "Varieties of Middle English Religious Prose." Chaucer and Middle English Studies in Honour of Rossell Hope Robbins. Ed. Beryl Rowland. Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press, 1974. 348-356.

Blamires, Alcuin. "The Wife of Bath and Lollardy." Medium Aevum 58.2 (1989): 224-242.

Block, Edward A. John Wyclif: Radical Dissenter. Humanities Monograph Series 1:1. San Diego: San Diego State College Press, 1962.

Blythe, James. Ideal Government and the Mixed Constitution in the Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1992.

Bobrick, Benson. Wide as the Waters: The Story of the English Bible and the Revolution It Inspired. New York: Penguin, 2001.

Boffey, J., and John J. Thompson. "Anthologies and Miscellanies: Production and Choice of Texts." Griffiths and Pearsall 279-315.

Böhringer, Friedrich. Die Vorreformatoren des vierzehnten und fünfzehnten Jahrunderts, Erste Hälfte: Johannes von Wycliffe. Zurich, Meyer & Zeller, 1856.

Boitani, Piero. English Medieval Narrative in the 13^th and 14^th Centuries. Trans. J.K. Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982.

Borinski, Ludwig. Wyclif, Erasmus, und Luther: vorgelegt in der Sitzung vom 1. Juli 1988. Joachim Jungius-Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften e.V., Hamburg. Jg. 6, H.2. Göttingen: Vandehoeck & Ruprecht, 1988.

Borroff, Marie. Traditions and Renewals: Chaucer, the Gawain-Poet, and Beyond. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. [This study presents Chaucer as having "reformist sympathies." Of particular interest here would be the first chapter, "Dimensions of Judgment in the Canterbury Tales: Friar, Summoner, Pardoner, Wife of Bath," in which Borroff locates an allusion to Wycliffite polemic against the friars in the Summoner's Tale. This opens out to a reconsideration of anti-fraternalism in Fragment D.]

Bose, Mishtooni. "Two Phases of Scholastic Self-Consicousness: Reflections on Method in Aquinas and Pecock." Aquinas as Authority. Ed. Harm Goris et al. Leuven: Peeters, 2002 187-201. [W.C. Greet, the editor of Pecock's Reule of Crysten Religioun remarked in his introduction to that work that its purpose was similar to that of Aquinas's Summa Contra Gentiles. Following up this suggestion, this article argues that Pecock's concern with literary and theological method is part of an attempt to recover (and "translate" into a vernacular setting) the vitality of academic discussions from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, a period during which the role of argumentation in theology still required explicit consideration and some defence. Such concerns culminated in Aquinas's "rhetorical" sensibility, his engagements with "rational persuasion," his concern with effective methods of disputation with heretics and infidels and his appreciation of the value of "rationes" in theological discourse.]

---. "The Issue of Theological Style in Late Medieval Disputations." Disputatio 5 (2002): 1-21. [This article emphasizes the awareness among some "humanists" and "scholastics" of the intrinsically persuasive qualities of much theological discourse (disputation in particular). In particular, it discusses Jakob Wimpheling's prefatory material to his edition of a medieval classic, Petrus Aureolus's Compendium Biblie Totius (1319), which is subtle and discriminating in its appreciation of the Ciceronian and Augustinian strands of Aureolus's scholarship. Wimpheling's defence of scholastic dialectic was grounded in what he believed to be dialectical tactics used by Christ, St. Paul and Augustine, and he argued that it remained an essential component in the church's discursive armoury against heresy. Wimpheling's sensitivity regarding the persuasive value of dialectic is complemented by passages in Erasmus which emphasise continuity rather than conflict between the methods of argumentation used by patristic and medieval theologians in their encounters with heresy.]

---. "Reginald Pecock's Vernacular Voice." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 217-236.

Bostick, Curtis V. The Anti-Christ and the Lollards: Apocalypticism in Late Medieval and Reformation Thought. Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought, vol. 70. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1998.

Bowers, John. "Piers Plowman and the Police: Notes toward a History of the Wycliffite Langland." Yearbook of Langland Studies 6 (1992): 1-50.

---. "The Politics of Pearl." Exemplaria 7 (1995): 419-41.

---. The Politics of Pearl: Court Poetry in the Age of Richard II. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 2000.

Bowman, Glen. "William Tyndale's Eucharistic Theology: Lollard and Zwinglian Influences." Anglican and Episcopalian History 66 (1997): 422-34.

Boyd, Beverly. "Wyclif, Joan of Arc, and Margery Kempe." Mystics Quarterly 12.3 (Sept. 1986): 112-118.

Boyle, L.E. "Innocent III and Vernacular Versions of Scripture." Walsh and Wood 97-107.

Brady, Sr. M. Theresa. "The Pore Caitif: an Introductory Study." Traditio 10 (1954): 529-48.

---. "The Apostles and the Creed in Manuscripts of The Pore Caitif." Speculum 32 (1957): 323-325.

---. "Lollard Sources of the Pore Caitif." Traditio 44 (1988): 389-418.

---. "Lollard Interpolations and Omissions in Manuscripts of the Pore Caitif." De Cella in Saeculum: Religious and Secular Life and Devotion in Late Medieval England. Ed. Michael G. Sargent. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1989. 183-203.

Brandt, Miroslav. Wyclifova hereza i socijalni pokreti u Splitu krajem XIV. st. Zagreb: Kultura, 1955.

---. "Wyclifitisim in Dalmatia in 1383." Slavonic and East European Review 36 (1957-58): 58-68.

Brandt, W.J. "Church and Society in the Late Fourteenth Century." Medievalia et Humanistica 13 (1960): 56-67.

---. London and the Reformation. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.

Breck, Allen duPont. "The Manuscripts of Wyclif's De Trinitate." Medievalia et Humanistica o.s. 7 (1952): 56-70.

---. "John Wyclyf on Time." Cosmology, History, and Theology. Ed. W. Yourgrau and Allen d. Breck. New York: Plenum Press, 1977. 211-18.

Breeze, A. "The Wycliffite Bible Prologue on the Scriptures in Welsh." Notes and Queries 46.1 (1999): 16-17. [Breeze argues that the Bible of the "Britons" referred to in the General Prologue must be the Welsh Y Bibyl Ynghymrae, a translation of the Promptuarium Bibliae by Peter of Poitiers, one among several religious texts available to medieval readers of Welsh.]

Brewer, Thomas. Memoir of the Life and Times of John Carpenter. London, 1856.

Brockwell, Charles W., Jr. Bishop Reginald Pecock and the Lancastrian Church: Securing the Foundations of Cultural Authority. Texts and Studies in Religion 25. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon, 1985.

Brooks, Douglas A. "Sir John Oldcastle and the Construction of Shakespeare's Authorship." Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 38 (1998): 333-361.

Brown, Andrew. Popular Piety in Late Medieval England: The Diocese of Salisbury, 1250-1550. Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.

---. Church and Society in England 1000-1500. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. [This book considers the relationship between the church, society and religion across five centuries of change. Brown examines how the teachings of an increasingly universal Church were applied at a local level and how social change shaped the religious practices of the laity. His approach encompasses the structures of corporate religion, the devotional practices surrounding cults and saints, the effects of literacy (not least on the development of heresy), and how gender, class and political power affected and fragmented the expression of religion. Of particular interest to students of Lollardy is chapter 6, "Reforming the 'Inner' Life: Orthodoxy and Heresy," in which Brown questions the views of recent historians, especially historians of the fifteenth century, that the nature of English society was essentially persecutory with respect to lay devotional practices.]

Brown, David. "Wiclif and Hus." British and Foreign Evangelical Review 33 (1884): 572-8.

Bruce, Frederick F. "John Wycliffe and the English Bible." Churchman 98.4 (1984): 294-306.

Buddensieg, R. Johann Wiclif und seine Zeit. Schriften des Vereins für Reformationsgeschichte, 8-9. Halle: Verein für Reformationsgeschichte, 1885.

Burgess, Clive. "A Hotbed of Heresy? Fifteenth Century Bristol and Lollard Reconsidered." In The Fifteenth Century III: Authority and Subversion. Ed. Linda Clark. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2003. 43-62.

Burrows, Montagu. Wiclif's place in history: Three Lectures Delivered before the University of Oxford in 1881. London: W. Isbister, 1882.

Bushill, T. John Wycliffe, Patriot and Reformer. Coventry, 1885.

Butterworth, Charles C. The Literary Lineage of the King James Bible, 1340-1611. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.

Butterworth, Charles C., and A.G. Chester. George Joye 1495 (?)-1553. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1962.

Cadman, S. Parkes. The Three Religious Leaders of Oxford and their Movements. New York: Macmillan, 1916.

Cammack, Melvin M. John Wyclif and the English Bible. New York: American Tract Society, 1938.

Cannon, H.L. "The Poor Priests: A Study in the Rise of English Lollardy." Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1899 1 (1900): 451-82.

Cannon, W.R. "John Wyclif and John Hus." Emory Univeristy Quarterly 15 (1959): 80-87.

Capes, W.W. The English Church in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. A History of the English Church, vol. 3. London, 1900.

Carlson, David R. "Whethamstede on Lollardy: Latin Styles and the Vernacular Cultures of Early Fifteenth-Century England." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 102.1 (Jan. 2003): 21-41. [The subject of the paper is a Latin, anti-lollard poem written by John Whethamstede between about 1427 and 1443. According to Carlson, "dominant scholasticism and emergent humanism, the two Latin styles current in England during the fifteenth century [ . . . ] have long been represented as antithetical. [ . . . ] However, the competition between the two styles [ . . . ] obscures their kinship and common interest. [ . . . ] Whethamstede's poem shows how in England the two Latin styles could work together in opposing the dissident tradition of vernacular theology, as represented in the lollard movement" (21-2). The article includes, as an Appendix, an edition of the poem in Latin, with a translation.]

Carr, J.W. Über das Verhältnis der Wiclifitschen und der Purvey'schen Bibelübersetzung zur Vulgata. Leipzig, 1902.

Carre, Meyrick H. Realists and Nominalists. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1946.

Carrick, J.C. Wycliffe and the Lollards. New York: Scribners, 1908.

Catto, J.I. "Religion and the English Nobility in the Later Fourteenth Century." History and Imagination: Essays in Honour of H.R. Trevor-Roper. Ed. H. Lloyd-Jones et al. London: Duckworth, 1981. 43-55.

---. "John Wyclif and the Cult of the Eucharist." Walsh and Wood 269-86.

---. "Religious Change under Henry V." Henry V: The Practice of Kingship. Ed. G.L. Harriss. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1985. 97-115.

---. "Wyclif and the Lollards: Dissidents in an Age of Faith." History Today 37 (November 1987): 46-52.

---. "Some English Manuscripts of Wyclif's Latin Works." Hudson and Wilks 353-359.

---. "Sir William Beauchamp between Chivalry and Lollardy." The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood III: Papers from the Fourth Strawberry Hill Conference 1988. Ed. C. Harper-Bill and R. Harvey. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1990. 39-48.

---. "Wyclif and Wycliffism at Oxford 1356-1430." Catto and Evans 175-261.

---. "Theology After Wycliffism." Catto and Evans 263-280.

---. "Fellows and Helpers: The Religious Identity of the Followers of Wyclif." Biller and Dobson 141-62.

---. "The King's Government and the Fall of Pecock, 1457-58." Rulers and Ruled in Late Medieval England: Essays Presented to Gerald Harriss. Ed. R. Archer and S. Walker (London: Hambledon, 1995) 201-22.

---. "A Radical Preacher's Handbook." English Historical Review 115 (Sept. 2000): 893-905.

Catto, Jeremy, Pamela Gradon, and Anne Hudson. Wyclif and His Followers: An Exhibition to Mark the 600^th Anniversary of the Death of John Wyclif, December 1984-April 1985. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1984.

Chadwick, Dorothy. Social Life in the Days of Piers Plowman. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1922.

Chambers, R.W. "On the Continuity of English Prose from Alfred to More and His School." in The Life and Death of Sr. Thomas More . . . by Nicholas Harpsfield. Ed. E.V. Hitchcock. EETS o.s. 186. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1932. xlv-clxxiv.

Chaplin, W.N. "Lollardy and the Great Bible." Church Quarterly Review 128 (1939): 210-37.

Chapman, W. The Life and Times of John Wyclif, the Herald of the Reformation. London, 1884.

Cheyney, Edward P. "The Recantation of the Early Lollards." American Historical Review 4 (1899): 423-38.

Christianson, Gerald. "Wyclif's Ghost: The Politics of Reunion at the Council of Basel." Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 17 (1985): 193-208.

Cigman, G. "The Preacher as Performer: Lollard Sermons as Imaginative Discourse." Literature and Theology 2 (1988): 69-82.

---. "Luceat Lux Vestra: The Lollard Preacher as Truth and Light." Review of English Studies 40:160 (1989): 479-96.

---. "'The Keyes of Kunnynge': Unlocking the Texts." Die deutsche Predigt im Mittelalter. Ed. V. Mertens and H-J. Schiewer. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer, 1992. 256-67.

---. "Bounden as a Sheep." Notes and Queries 41 (239):1 (1994): 15.

Clark, John P.H. "Walter Hilton in Defense of Religious Life and the Veneration of Images." Downside Review 103 (1985): 1-25.

Clebsch, W.A. England's Earliest Protestants 1520-1535. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1964.

Clopper, Lawrence. "Miracula and The Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge." Speculum 65 (1990): 878-905.

---. "Langland's Persona: An Anatomy of the Mendicant Orders." Justice and Kerby-Fulton 144-184.

---. "Communitas: The Play of Saints in Late Medieval and Tudor England." Mediaevalia 18 (1995 [for 1992]): 81-109.

---. "Songes of Rechelesnesse": Langland and the Franciscans. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1997.

---. Drama, Play, and Game: English Festive Culture in the Medieval and Early Modern Period. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 2001. [The book demonstrates that the theatrum repudiated by medieval clerics was not "theater" as we understand the term today. Clopper contends that critics have misrepresented Western stage history because they have assumed that theatrum designates a place where drama is performed. While theatrum was thought of as a site of spectacle during the Middle Ages, the term was more closely connected with immodest behavior and lurid forms of festive culture. Clerics were not opposed to liturgical representations in churches, but they strove ardently to suppress May games, ludi, festivals, and liturgical parodies. Medieval drama, then, stemmed from a more vernacular tradition than previously acknowledged-one developed by England's laity outside the boundaries of clerical rule. Of special interest here is a chapter on the Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge.]

---. "Franciscans, Lollards, and Reform." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 177-196.

Cole, Andrew. "Trifunctionality and the Tree of Charity: Literary and Social Practice in Piers Plowman." ELH: A Journal of English Literary History 62 (1995): 1-27.

---. "Chaucer's English Lesson." Speculum 77.4 (2002): 1128-67. [When Chaucer expostulates on Latin to English translation in the Prologue to the Treatise on the Astrolabe, he provocatively follows a line of reasoning instanced in multiple Wycliffite tracts on translation. Because many of the terms Chaucer uses in the Prologue are also central to the General Prologue to the Wycliffite Bible, Chaucer appears to respond to this particular text, which was probably read within his social circle, rich in opportunities to acquire such vernacular material. Broadly speaking, he gleans vernacular terms and arguments of recent coinage that represent valued practices within a community of practitioners who have distinguished themselves, for better and for worse, as innovators in English. This is, in other words, Chaucer aligning himself with his contemporaries in ways quite different from both his crypto-, but mostly passive-aggressive, gestures toward Gower or Langland and from his curt and jocund references to "Lollere[s]," the contemporary pejorative term for Wycliffites. Chaucer realizes the self-promotional value in identifying with an emergent interpretive community of English translators, inclusive of the Wycliffites and Trevisa. His doing so was a necessity: after all, if the surviving MSS are any indication, his Treatise ran in almost twice as many manuscripts than any other text, save the Tales.]

---. "Introduction: Langland and Lollardy: The Form of the Matter." The Yearbook of Langland Studies 17 (2003): 1-6. This essay is an introduction to a special section on "Langland and Lollardy."

---. "William Langland's Lollardy." The Yearbook of Langland Studies 17 (2003): 25-54. [This essay, a contribution to a special section on "Langland and Lollardy," argues that Langland engages with "lollard" genres in order to think through critiques of theoretical poverty. Cole points out that Langland's use of "loller(e)" in the C-text may seem "late, inapposite, and idiosyncratic" because modern critics have romanticized 1382 as the originary "moment of heresiogenesis" (25). He goes on to argue that Lollardy emerges from Wycliffism, but it also goes beyond "a set of classifiable (and condemnable) beliefs" (27), offering a kind of "generic consistency" for texts, both Wycliffite and not, written both before and after 1382.]

---. "William Langland and the Invention of Lollardy." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 37-58.

Coleman, Janet. English Literature in History, 1350-1400: Medieval Readers and Writers. London: Hutchinson, 1981.

---. Piers Plowman and the Moderni. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Litteratura, 1981.

---. "Property and Poverty." The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought. Ed. J.H. Burns. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988. 607-648.

Colledge, E. "The Recluse: A Lollard Interpolated Version of the Ancren Riwle." Review of English Studies 15 (1939): 1-15, 129-45.

Collette, Carolyn. Species, Phantasms, and Images: Vision and Medieval Psychology in The Canterbury Tales. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2001. [Collette places a discussion of several of the Tales within "the complex nexus of ideas about human cognition and psychology comprising late medieval theories of how sight, imagination, and fantasye function within the human mind" (viii). Within this, she makes use of Lollard critiques of images (when discussing Virginia and the Physician's Tale), and Lollard discourse and "understondynge" (in the Parson's Tale).]

Colletti, Theresa. Mary Magdalene and the Drama of Saints: Theater, Gender, and Religion in Late Medieval England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 200. [Within her study, Colletti makes mention of the fact that "like many medieval reform movements, Lollardy was hospitable to women" (141), and that they were permitted to preach. She discusses Walter Brut's use of Mary Magdalene "in his defense of women's ability--and right--to preach as well as perform other priestly sacraments" (142), and argues that "Late medieval religious politics--of gender, preaching, and the vernacular--unquestionably shadow the public teaching of the Digby play's Mary Magdalene" (147).]

Collinson, P. "The English Conventicle." Sheils and Wood, Voluntary Religion 223-59.

Conetti, M. "The Radical Dissenter John Wyclif's Challenge to the Constantin Church." Studi Medievali 38.1 (June, 1997): 139-201.

Constable, Giles. "Opposition to Pilgrimage in the Middle Ages." Studia Gratiana 19 (1976): 123-146.

Conti, Alessandro D. "Essenza ed essere nel pensiero della tarda scolastica (Burley, Wyclif, Paolo Veneto)." Medioevo 15 (1989): 235-67.

---. "Logica intensionale et metafisica dell'essenza in John Wyclif." Bullettino dell'Instituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo e Archivio Muratoriano 1993 (99): 159-219.

---. "Analogy and Formal Distinction: the Logical Basis of Wyclif's Metaphysics." Medieval Philosophy and Theology 6.2 (1997): 133-65.

---. "Johannes Sharpe's Ontology and Semantics: Oxford Realism Revisited." Vivarium 43.1 (2005): 156-186.

Cook, William R. "John Wyclif and Hussite Theology, 1415-1436." Church History 42 (1973): 335-49.

Cooke, James H. "Trevisa's Translation of the Bible." Notes and Queries 5^th ser. 10 (1878): 261-62.

Copeland, R. "Vernacular Translation and Instruction in Grammar in Fifteenth-Century England." Papers in the History of Linguistics. Ed. H. Aarsleff et al. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1987. 143-54.

---. "Rhetoric and Vernacular Translation in the Middle Ages." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 9 (1987): 41-75.

---. Rhetoric, Hermeneutics, and Translation in the Middle Ages: Academic Traditions and Vernacular Texts. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature 11. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991.

---. "Why Women Can't Read: Medieval Hermeneutics, Statutory Law, and the Lollard Heresy." Representing Women: Law, Literature, and Feminism. Ed. Susan Heinzelman and Zipporah Wiseman. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press, 1994. 253-86

---. "William Thorpe and His Lollard Community: Intellectual Labor and the Representation of Dissent." Hanawalt and Wallace 199-221.

---. "Rhetoric and the Politics of the Literal Sense in Medieval Literary Theory: Aquinas, Wyclif, and the Lollards." Interpretation: Medieval and Modern. Ed. A. Torti and P. Boitani, eds. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1992. 1-23. Rpt. in Rhetoric and Hermeneutics in Our Time: A Reader. Ed. W. Josh and M.J. Hyde. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1997. 335-57.

---. "Childhood, Pedagogy, and the Literal Sense: From Late Antiquity to the Lollard Heretical Classroom." Scase, Copeland, and Lawton 125-156.

---. "Toward a Social Genealogy of Translation Theory: Classical Property Law and Lollard Property Reform." Beer 173-183.

---. Pedagogy, Intellectuals, and Dissent in the Later Middle Ages: Lollardy and Ideas of Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001. [This book is about the place of pedagogy and the role of intellectuals in medieval dissent. Drawing on pedagogical theorists such as Freire and Giroux as well as a wealth of later medieval texts, Copeland shows how teachers radically transformed inherited ideas about classrooms and pedagogy as they brought their teaching to adult learners. The pedagogical imperatives of Lollard dissent were also embodied in the work of certain public figures, intellectuals whose dissident careers transformed the social category of the medieval intellectual.]

---. "Sophistic, Spectrality, Iconoclasm." Dimmick, Simpson, and Zeeman 112-130. [Copeland explores accusations of "sophistry" leveled by Wyclif and Lollards against their opponents, describing the academic erudition behind the accusation while also noting how it positions them as academic outsiders.]

Corsani, Bruno. "Il Discorso della montagna nella Biblia wycliffita e nel N.T. di W. Tyndale." John Wyclif 103-142.

Cottret, Bernard. "Traducteurs et Divulgateurs Clandestins de la Reforme dans l'Angleterre Henrecienne." Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaire 28 (July-Sept. 1981): 464-80.

Courtenay, William J. Adam Wodeham. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978.

---. "Augustinianism at Oxford in the Fourteenth Century." Augustiniana 30 (1980): 58-70.

---. "The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education." Speculum 55.4 (1980): 696-714.

---. "Force of Words and Figures of Speech: The Crisis over Virtus Sermonis in the Fourteenth Century." Franciscan Studies 44 (1984): 107-28.

---. "The Bible in the Fourteenth Century: Some Observations." Church History 54.2 (June 1985): 176-87.

---. "The Reception of Ockham's Thought in Fourteenth Century England." Hudson and Wilks 89-107.

---. Schools and Scholars in Fourteenth Century England. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1987.

---. "Antiqui and Moderni in Late Medieval Thought." Journal of the History of Ideas 48.1 (1987): 3-10.

---. "Inquiry and Inquisition: Academic Freedom in Medieval Universities." Church History 58 (1989): 168-181.

---. "Theology and Theologians From Ockham to Wyclif." Catto and Evans 1-34.

Crane, Susan. "The Writing Lesson of 1381." Hanawalt 201-221.

Cré, Marleen. "Authority and the Compiler in Westminster Cathedral Treasury MS 4: Writing a Text in Someone Else's Words." Authority and Community in the Middle Ages. Ed. D. Mowbray, R. Purdie, and I.P. Wei. Phoenix Mill: Sutton, 1999. 153-176.

Crompton, James J. "Fasciculi Zizaniorum." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 12 (1961): 35-45, 155-65.

---. "John Wyclif: A Study in Mythology." Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society 42 (1966-67): 6-34.

---. "Leicestershire Lollards." Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society 44 (1968-9): 11-44.

Cronin, Harry S. "John Wycliffe, the Reformer, and Canterbury Hall." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 3^rd. ser., vol. 8 (1914): 55-76.

---. "Wycliffe's Canonry at Lincoln." English Historical Review 35 (1920): 564-9.

Cross, Claire. "Popular Piety and the Records of the Unestablished Churches 1460-1660." Baker, Materials 269-92.

---. "'Great Reasoners in Scripture': The Activities of Women Lollards 1380-1530." Medieval Women. Ed. Derek Baker. Studies in Church History, Subsidia 1. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978. 359-80.

---. Church and People: England 1450-1660. 2^nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1999.

Cutts, Cecilia. "The Croxton Play: an Anti-Lollard Piece." Modern Language Quarterly 5 (1944): 45-60.

Dahmus, Joseph H. "Further Evidence for the Spelling 'Wyclyf.'" Speculum 16 (1941): 224-25.

---. "Did Wyclif Recant?" Church Historical Review 29 (1943): 155-68.

---. The Prosecution of John Wyclyf. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1952.

---. "Wyclyf Was a Negligent Pluralist." Speculum 28 (1953): 378-81.

---. "Richard II and the Church." Church Historical Review 39 (1954): 408-33.

---. "John Wyclif and the English Government." Speculum 35 (1960): 51-68.

---. William Courtenay: Archbishop of Canterbury 1381-1396. University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1966.

Daly, Lowrie J. The Political Theory of John Wyclif. Chicago: Loyola Univ. Press, 1962.

D'Alton, Craig. "William Warham and English Heresy Policy after the Fall of Wolsey." Historical Research 77.197 (Aug. 2004): 337-57.

---. "Walter Burley and John Wyclif on Some Aspects of Kingship." Mélanges Eugène Tisserant. Vol. 4. Vatican: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1964. 163-84.

---. "Wyclif's Political Theory: A Century of Study." Medievalia et Humanistica n.s. 4 (1973): 177-187.

David, Daniell. William Tyndale: A Biography. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1994.

Davidson, Clifford. "Wyclif and the Middle English Sermon." Universitas 3 (1966): 92-99.

Davies, Richard G. "Thomas Arundel as Archbishop of Canterbury, 1396-1414." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 14 (1973): 9-21.

---. "Lollardy and Locality." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Sixth Series, vol. 1 (1991): 191-211.

---. "Richard II and the Church." Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Ed. Anthony Goodman and James L. Gillespie. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998. 83-106.

Davis, D. G. "The Bible of John Wyclif: Production and Circulation." Bibliotheca Sacra 128 (1971): 16-26.

Davis, E. Jeffries. "Authorities for the Case of Richard Hunne." English Historical Review 30 (1915): 477-88.

Davis, John F. "Lollards, Reformers, and St. Thomas of Canterbury." University of Birmingham Historical Journal 9 (1963-4): 1-15.

---. "Lollard Survival and the Textile Industry in the Southeast of England." Studies in Church History 3. Ed. G.J. Cuming. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1966. 191-201.

---. "John Wyclif's Reformation Reputation." Churchman 83 (1969): 97-102.

---. "The Trials of Thomas Bylney and the English Reformation." Historical Journal 24 (1981): 775-90.

---. "Lollardy and the Reformation in England." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 73 (1982): 227-32.

---. "Joan of Kent, Lollardy, and the English Reformation." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 33 (1982): 225-33.

---. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East of England, 1520-1559. London: Royal Historical Society, 1983.

Davis, Nicholas. "Another View of The Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge." Medieval English Theatre 4 (1982): 48-55.

---. "The Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge: On Milieu and Authorship." Medieval English Theatre 12 (1990): 124-51.

Dawson, James D. "Richard Fitzralph and the Fourteenth Century Poverty Controversies." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 34.3 (July, 1983): 315-344.

Deane, David S. John Wicleffe, the Morning Star of the Reformation. London, 1884.

Deanesly, Margaret. The Lollard Bible and other Medieval Biblical Versions. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1920. Rpt. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2002.

---. "Vernacular Books in England in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries." Modern Language Review 15 (1920): 349-58.

---. "Arguments Against the Use of Vernacular Bibles, Put Forward in the Controversy over their Lawfulness." Church Quarterly Review 91 (1921): 59-77.

---. "The Significance of the Lollard Bible: The Ethel M. Wood Lecture Delivered before the University of London on 13 March, 1951." Pamphlet. London: Athlone, 1951.

de Boor, Frederick. Wyclif's Simoniebegriff: Die theologischen und kirchenpolitischen Grundlagen der Kirchenkritik John Wyclifs. Halle: Niemeyer, 1970.

de Lapparent, Pierre. "Un Précurseur de la Réforme Anglaise: L'Anonyme d'York." Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge 15 (1946): 149-168.

De La Torre, Bartholomew R., O.P. Thomas Buckingham and the Contingency of Futures. Publications in Medieval Studies. The Medieval Institute, vol. 25. South Bend: Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1987.

Despres, Denise. Ghostly Sights: Visual Meditation in Late-Medieval Literature. Norman, OK: Pilgrim Books, 1989.

de Vooght, Paul. "Les indulgences dan la theologie de Jean Wyclif et de Jean Huss." Recherches de theologie religieuse 41 (1953): 481-518.

---. Les Sources de la Doctrine Chretienne. Bruges: Desclee De Brouwer, 1954.

---. "La doctrine et les sources du sermon 'Dixit Martha ad Jesum' de Jean Huss." Revue des Sciences Religieuses 31 (1957): 20-33.

---. Hussiana. Louvain: Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1960.

---. "L'heresie de Taborites sur l'Eucharistie (1418-21)." Irenikon 35 (1962): 340-50.

---. "Wyclif et la 'scriptura sola.'" Ephemerides Theologicas Lovanienses. 39 (1963): 50-86.

---. L'hérésie de Jean Huss. 2nd rev. ed. 2 vols. Louvain: Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1975.

Dickens, A.G. "Heresy and the Origins of English Protestantism." Britain and the Netherlands, vol. 2. Ed. J.S. Bromley and R.H. Kossmann. Groningen: J.B. Wolters, 1964. 47-66.

---. The English Reformation. London: Batsford, 1964.

---. Lollards and Protestants in the Diocese of York, 1509-1558. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1959.

---. "The Shape of Anti-Clericalism and the English Reformation." Politics and Society in Reformation Europe: Essays for Sir Geoffrey Elton. Ed. E.I. Kouri and T. Scott. New York: St. Martin's, 1987. 378-410.

DiDomizio, Daniel. "Jan Hus's De Ecclesia, Precursor of Vatican II?" Theological Studies 60 (1999): 247-260. ["The often neglected Reformation led by Jan Hus in 15th-century Bohemia has significant ecumenical implications. Hus wrote his De Ecclesia in 1413 in order to articulate his criticism of the Christian community of his day and the proclaim his evangelical vision of the Church. The moral revolution of the Church that Hus called for in his day finds a clear echo in Vatican II's Lumen gentium" (247; quoted from the abstract).]

Diemer, Stefan. John Wycliffe und seine Rolle bei der Entstehung der modernen englischen Rechtschreibung und des Wortschatzes. Frankfurt: Lang, 1998.

Dillon, Janette. Language and Stage in Medieval and Renaissance England. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998.

Dinshaw, Carolyn. Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre- and Post-Modern. Durham: Duke Univ. Press, 1999.

---. "Queer Relations." Essays in Medieval Studies: Proceedings of the Illinois Medieval Association 16 (1999): 79-99.

Dipple, Geoffrey L. "Uthred and the Friars: Apostolic Poverty and Clerical Dominion between Fitzralph and Wyclif." Traditio 49 (1994): 235-58.

Dolnikowski, Edith. "Fitzralph and Wyclif on the Mendicants." Michigan Academician 19:1 (1987): 87-100.

---. Thomas Bradwardine: A View of Time and a Vision of Eternity in Fourteenth-Century Thought. Studies in the History of Christian Thought, vol. 65. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995.

---. "The Encouragement of Lay Preaching as an Ecclesiastical Critique in Wyclif's Latin Sermons." Models of Holiness in Medieval Sermons. Ed. Beverly M. Kinzie et al. Louvain–la-Neuve: Fédération Internationale des Institutes d'Etudes Médiévales, 1996. 193-209.

---. "Preaching at Oxford: Academic and Pastoral Themes in Wyclif's Latin Sermon Cycle." Medieval Sermons and Society: Cloister, City, University. Ed. J. Hamesse et al. Louvain–la-Neuve: Fédération Internationale des Institutes d'Etudes Médiévales, 1998. 371-86.

Doyle, A.I. "Books Connected with the Vere Family and Barking Abbey." Essex Archaeological Society's Transactions n.s. 25 (1958): 222-43.

---. "University College, Oxford, MS 97 and its Relationship to the Simeon Manuscript (British Library Add. 22283)." Benskin and Samuels 265-82.

---. "English Books In and Out of Court from Edward III to Henry VII." English Court and Culture in the Later Middle Ages. Ed. V.J. Scattergood and J.W. Sherbourne. London, Duckworth, 1983. 163-81.

---. "The European Circulation of Three Latin Spiritual Texts." Latin and Vernacular: Studies in Late-Medieval Texts and Manuscripts. Ed. A.J. Minnis. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1989. 129-146.

---. "The Study of Nicholas Love's Mirror, Retrospect and Prospect." Nicholas Love at Waseda. Ed. Shoichi Oguro, Richard Beadle, and Michael Sargent. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997. 163-74.

Doyle, Eric, O.F.M. "A Manuscript of William Woodford's De Dominio Civili Clericorum." Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 62 (1969): 377-81.

---. "William Woodford, O.F.M. and John Wyclif's De religione." Speculum 52.2 (April 1977): 329-36.

Doyle, Robert. "The Death of Christ and the Doctrine of Grace in John Wycliffe." Churchman 99.4 (1985): 317-35.

Drees, Clayton J. Authority and Dissent in the Medieval Church: The Prosecution of Heresy and Religious Non-Conformity in the Diocese of Winchester, 1380-1547. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon, 1997.

Duffy, Eamon. The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400-1580. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1992.

Dunnan, D.S. "A Note on John Gough's The Dore of Holy Scripture." Notes and Queries 36 (234).3 (Sept, 1989): 309-310.

---. "A Note on the Three Churches in the Lantern of Lyght." Notes and Queries 38:1 (1991): 20-22.

Dyson, A.H., and S.H. Skillington. Lutterworth Church and its Associations, With a Chapter on John Wycliffe. Leicester, 1916.

Dyson, Thomas. "Wyclif Reviewed." Church Quarterly Review 168 (1967): 423-433.

Dziewicki, M.H. "An Essay on John Wyclif's Philosophical System." Johannis Wyclif Miscellanea Philosophica. London, 1902. Vol. 1, v-xxvii.

Easson, D.E. "The Lollards of Kyle." Juridical Review 48 (1936): 123-28.

Eckermann, Willigis. "Augustinus Favaroni von Rom und Johannes Wyclif: Der Ansatz ihrer Lehre uber die Kirche." Scientia Augustiniana: Studien uber Augustinus, den Augustinismus und den Augustinerorden. Ed. Cornelius Mayer, Willigis Eckermann, and Coelestin Patock. Wurzburg: Augustinus, 1975. 323-48.

Edden, Valerie. "'And my boonus had dried vp as critouns': The History of the Translation of Psalm 101.4." Notes and Queries 28 (226).5 (1981): 389-92.

Eldredge, L. "The Concept of God's Absolute Power at Oxford in the Later Fourteenth Century." By Things Seen: Reference and Recognition in Medieval Thought. Ed. D.L. Jeffrey. Ottawa: Univ. of Ottawa Press, 1979. 211-26.

Emblom, Margaret. "'I Herd an Harping on a Hille': Its Text and Context." Proceedings of the Illinois Medieval Association 1 (1984): 49-61.

Emden, A.B. An Oxford Hall in Medieval Times. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1927.

Emerson, Everett H. "Reginald Pecock: Christian Rationalist." Speculum 31 (1956): 235-42.

Erickson, Carolly. "The Fourteenth-Century Fransciscans and their Critics, Part 1: The Order's Growth and Character." Franciscan Studies 8 (1975): 107-35.

---. "The Fourteenth Century Franciscans and their Critics, Continued." Franciscan Studies 14 (1976): 108-47.

Erler, Mary. Women, Reading, and Piety in Late Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002. [This study is especially interesting for the detailed descriptions it gives of women and the reading communities they belonged to. Since many of the women she describes are orthodox, this book also illustrates the range of belief and practice along the continuum from orthodox to heterodox. Lollardy appears in the circle of readers around Margery de Nerford. One of her books included a copy of a glossed Psalter, apparently Rolle's English commentary, and her relations included Sir John de Cobham, whose granddaughter Joan married John Oldcastle (ch. 2). Chapter 5 describes the book reading and ownership circles around the anchoress Katherine Mann and Abbess Elizabeth Throckmorton in the 1520s, both of whom owned the writings of Tyndale, the former receiving her copy of the Obedience of a Christian Man from Thomas Bilney.]

Evans, Gillian R. "Wycliffe the Academic." Churchman 98.4 (1984): 307-18.

---. The Language and Logic of the Bible: The Road to the Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985.

---. "Thomas of Chobham on Preaching and Exegesis." Recherches de Theologie Ancienne et Medievale 52 (1985): 159-70.

---. "Wyclif's Logic and Wyclif's Exegesis: the Context." Walsh and Wood 287-300.

---. "Wyclif on Literal and Metaphorical." Hudson and Wilks 259-66.

---. "Wyclif on Ecclesiology: Issues of Perspective." Anvil 11.1 (1994): 45-55.

---. Fifty Key Medieval Thinkers. New York: Routledge, 2002.Evans includes a chapter on Wyclif, giving a brief outline of his thought, his major works, and some suggestions for further reading.

Evans, Nesta. "William Thorpe: An Early Lollard." History Today 18 (1968): 495-503.

---. "Bishop Reginald Pecock and the Lollards." Studies in Sussex Church History. Ed. M.J. Kitch. London: Leopard's Head, 1981. 57-75.

---. "The Impossibility of Tracing Dissent Through Time in Thirty-six Parishes on the Essex, Cambridgeshire, and Suffolk Borders." Spufford 397-400.

---. "The Parishes Investigated for Details of the Genealogies of the Nineteen Families Searched for in the Chilterns." Spufford 401-30.

Everett, Dorothy. "The Middle English Prose Psalter of Richard Rolle of Hampole." Modern Language Review 17.3 and 17.4 (Oct. 1922): 217-227, 337-350; 18.4 (Oct. 1923): 381-393.

Farr, William. John Wyclif as Legal Reformer. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974.

Fairfield, Leslie P. "John Bale and the Development of Protestant Hagiography in England." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 24.2 (April, 1973): 145-60.

---. John Bale, Mythmaker for the English Reformation. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ. Press, 1976.

Fewer, Colin. "The 'Fygure' of the Market: The N-Town Cycle and East Anglian Lay Piety." Philological Quarterly 77 (1998): 117-47.

Figgis, J. N. "John Wyclif." Typical English Churchmen, Series 2. The Church Historical Society, 78. London: Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, 1909.

Fines, John. "The Post-Mortem Condemnation for Heresy of Richard Hunne." English Historical Review 78 (1963): 528-31.

---. "Heresy Trials in the Diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, 1511-12." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 44 (1963): 160-74.

---. "An Unnoticed Tract of the Tyndale-More Dispute?" Historical Research: The Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 42 (1969): 220-30.

Finucane, Ronald. Miracles and Pilgrims: Popular Belief in Medieval England. London: Dent, 1977.

Fischer, H. Über die Sprache J. Wicliff's. Halle, 1880.

Fischler, David S. "The Political Philosophy of John Wyclif." Church Divinity 1981. Ed. John H. Morgan. Notre Dame: Church Divinity Monograph Series, 1981. 56-65.

Fisher, John H. "Wyclif, Langland, Gower, and the Pearl-Poet on the Subject of Aristocracy." Studies in Medieval Literature in Honor of Professor Albert Croll Baugh. Ed. MacEdward Leach. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1961. 139-157.

Fitzhenry, William. "The N-Town Plays and the Politics of Metatheater." Studies in Philology 100 (2003): 22-43. [This essay locates the N-Town plays within the debates about the role of the vernacular in late medieval England. Fitzhenry argues that the plays negotiate a tension between two models of drama (the monologic and the dialogic) and that the characters of the play offer a kind of self-reflexivity about drama. After contextualizing the plays in terms of Arundel's Constitutions, Fitzhenry turns to a reading of the plays: the scribe's use of compilatio, the dramatic narrators, and the plays' investigation of political rule and its challenges (anarchic interpretation).]

Fleming, John V. "Chaucer and Erasmus on the Pilgrimage to Canterbury." The Popular Literature of Medieval England. Ed. Thomas J. Heffernan. Tennessee Studies in Literature 28. Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee Press, 1985. 148-166.

Fletcher, Alan J. "John Mirk and the Lollards." Medium Aevum 56.1 (1987): 217-224.

---. "The Preaching of the Pardoner." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 11 (1989): 15-35. Rpt. in Fletcher 249-65.

---. "The Topical Hypocrisy of Chaucer's Pardoner." Chaucer Review 25:2 (1990): 110-26. Rpt. in Fletcher 266-80.

---. "A Hive of Industry or a Hornet's Nest? MS Sidney Sussex 74 and Its Scribes." Minnis, Late-Medieval Religious Texts 131-155. Rpt. in Fletcher 119-142.

---. "The Summoner and the Abominable Body of Antichrist." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 18 (1996): 91-117.

---. "Langland on Preaching." Fletcher 201-214.

Fletcher, John M. "Inter-Faculty Disputes in Late Medieval Oxford." Hudson and Wilks 331-42.

Forde, Simon. "Theological Sources Cited by Two Canons of Repton: Philip Repyngdon and John Eyton." Hudson and Wilks 419-428.

---. "New Sermon Evidence for the Spread of Wycliffism." De Ore Domini. Ed. Thomas Amos et al. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute, 1989. 169-83.

---. "Social Outlook and Preaching in a Wycliffite Sermones Dominicales Collection." Church and Chronicle in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to John Taylor. Ed. Ian Wood and G.A. Loud. London: Hambledon, 1991. 179-91.

---. "The 'Strong Woman' and 'The Woman who Surrounds a Man': Perceptions of Woman in Wyclif's Theological Writings." Revue D'Histoire Ecclesiastique 88.1 (1993): 54-87.

---. "La predication, les Lollards et les laics (diocese de Norwich, 1428-1429)." La Parole de Predicateur. Ed. R.M. Dessi and M. Lauwers. Nice: Centre d'Etudes Medievales, 1997. 457-78.

---. "Lay Preaching and the Lollards of Norwich Diocese, 1428-1431." Leeds Studies in English 29 (1998): 109-26.

Foreville, R. "Manifestation de Lollardisme a Exeter, en 1421?" Le Moyen Âge 69 (1963): 691-706.

Forni, Kathleen. "The Chaucerian Apocrypha: Did Usk's 'Testament of Love' and the 'Plowman's Tale' Ruin Chaucer's Early Reputation?" Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 98.3 (1997): 261-72.

Forrest, Ian. "Anti-Lollard Polemic and Practice in Late-Medieval England." In The Fifteenth Century III: Authority and Subversion. Ed. Linda Clark. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2003. 63-74. [This essay looks at the relationship between anti-heresy propaganda and the actual prosecution of heretics, using Philip Repingdon's visitation of Leicester archdeaconry in 1413 as a case study. Forrest assesses the overtly polemical aspects of this propaganda, particularly the accusation that heretics were lecherous, evaluates its significance in the legal process. He goes on to argue that such polemic played a practical role in detecting heresy by stimulating the social conscience of people who had been used to reporting suspicions of clerical concubinage and lay adultery and fornication for about two centuries.]

Förster, Erich. "Wiklif als Bibelübersetzer." Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 12 (1891): 494-518.

Foss, David B. "'Overmuch Blaming of the Clergy's Wealth': Pecock's Exculpation of Ecclesiastical Endowments." Sheils and Wood, Church and Wealth 155-66.

Fountain, David. John Wycliffe: The Dawn of the Reformation. Southampton: Hampshire, 1984.

Fowler, David C. "John Trevisa and the English Bible." Modern Philology 58 (1960): 81-98.

---. The Life and Times of John Trevisa, Medieval Scholar. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1995.

Fox, M. "John Wyclif and the Mass." The Heythrop Journal 3 (1962): 232-40.

Frantzen, Allen J. Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1998.

Freemantle, W.H. John Wycliffe. London, 1898.

Frere, Walter H. "Lollardy and the Reformation." Church Quarterly Review 69 (1910): 426-39.

Fristedt, Sven L. The Wycliffe Bible. 3 vols. Stockholm Studies in English 4, 21, 28. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1953-73.

---. "The Dating of the Earliest Manuscript of the Wycliffite Bible." Studier i modern sprakvetenskap n.s. 1 (1960): 79-85.

---. "A Weird Manuscript Enigma in the British Museum." Studier i modern sprakvetenskap n.s. 2 (1964): 116-121.

---. "New Light on John Wycliffe and the First Full English Bible." Studier i modern sprakvetenskap n.s. 3 (1970): 61-86.

---. "A Note on Some Obscurities in the History of the Lollard Bible." Studier i modern sprakvetenskap n.s. 4 (1972): 38-45.

---. "Spanish Influence on Lollard Translation." Studier i modern sprakvetenskap n.s. 5 (1975): 5-10.

Fudge, Thomas A. The Magnificent Ride: The First Reformation in Hussite Bohemia. St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998. [Fudge examines the ideas rather than the history of the Hussite movement, arguing that it is the "First Reformation," distinct from the movements begun by Wyclif or Luther, in order to "close the gap between a history of ideas and social history" (3).]

Fürstenau, Hermann. Johann von Wiclifs Lehren von der Einteilung der Kirche und von der Stellung der weltlichen Gewalt. Berlin, 1900.

Gairdner, James. "Bible Study in the Fifteenth Century." Fortnightly Review 1 (1865): 710-20; 2 (1865): 59-78.

---. Lollardy and the Reformation in England: An Historical Survey in Four Volumes. London: Macmillan, 1908-13.

Galloway, Andrew. "Chaucer's Former Age and the Fourteenth-Century Anthropology of Craft: The Social Logic of a Premodernist Lyric." ELH 63 (1996): 535-53.

Gasquet, F.A. The Eve of the Reformation. London: Kennikat, 1900.

Gasner, E. Über Wyclifs Sprache. Göttingen, 1891.

Gellrich, Jesse. Discourse and Dominion in the Fourteenth Century: Oral Contexts of Writing in Philosophy, Politics, and Poetry. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1995.

Genet, Jean-Phillippe. "Wyclif et Les Lollards." Historiens et géographes 294 (1983): 869-96.

---. "Ecclesiastics and Political Theory in Late Medieval England: the End of a Monopoly." Dobson 23-44.

---. "The Dissemination of Manuscripts Relating to English Political Thought in the Fourteenth Century." England and her Neighbours, 1066-1453: Essays in Honour of Pierre Chaplais. Ed. Michael Jones and Malcolm Vale. London: Hambledon, 1989. 217-37.

Gethyn-Jones, J.E. "John Trevisa—An Associate of Nicholas Hereford." Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club 40.2 (1971): 241-44.

Gewirth, Alan. "Philosophical and Political Thought in the Fourteenth Century." The Forward Movement of the Fourteenth Century. Ed. F.L. Utley. Columbus: Ohio State Univ. Press, 1961. 125-164.

Ghosh, Kantik. "Contingency and the Christian Faith: William Woodford's Anti-Wycliffite Hermeneutics." Poetica 49 (1998): 1-26.

---. "Eliding the Interpreter: John Wyclif and Scriptural Truth." Copeland, Lawton, and Scase 205-24.

---. "Manuscripts of Nicholas Love's The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ and Wycliffite Notions of 'Authority.'" Prestige, Authority, and Power in Late Medieval Manuscripts and Texts. Ed. Felicity Riddy. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 2000. 17-34.

---. The Wycliffite Heresy: Authority and the Interpretation of Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002. [According to Ghosh, "one of the main reasons for Lollardy's sensational resonance for its times, and for its immediate posterity, was its exposure of fundamental problems in late-medieval academic engagement with the Bible, its authority and its polemical uses. Examining Latin and English sources, Ghosh shows how the same debates over biblical hermeneutics and associated methodologies were from the 1380s onwards conducted both within and outside the traditional university framework, and how, by eliding boundaries between Latinate biblical speculation and vernacular religiosity, Lollardy changed the cultural and political positioning of both. Covering a wide range of texts--scholastic and extramural, in Latin and in English, written over half a century from Wyclif to Netter--Ghosh concludes that by the first half of the 15th century Lollardy had partly won the day. Whatever its fate as a religious movement, it had successfully changed the intellectual landscape of England."]

Gifford, William A. "Wyclif and the Independence of the Church in England." American Society of Church History, ser. 2, vol. 7 (1923): 133-55.

Gilbert, Neal Ward. "Ockham, Wyclif, and the 'Via Moderna.'" Zimmerman 85-125.

Gilchrist, J. "The Social Doctrine of John Wyclif." Canadian Historical Association, Historical Papers 1969. 157-65.

Gillespie, Vincent. "Idols and Images: Pastoral Adaptations of the Scale of Perfection." Langland, the Mystics, and the Medieval Religious Tradition: Essays in Honour of S.S. Hussey. Ed. Helen Phillips. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1990. 97-123.

---. "Vernacular Books of Religion." Griffiths and Pearsall 317-344.

---. "Thy Will be Done: Piers Plowman and the Pater Noster." Minnis, Late Medieval Religious Texts 95-119.

Gilpin, William. The Lives of John Wicliff, and of the most Eminent of his Disciples, Lord Cobham, John Hus, Jerome of Prague, and Zizca. London, 1765.

---. The Life of John Wyclif. London, 1821.

Goheen, R.B. "Peasant Politics? Village Community and the Crown in Fifteenth-Century England." American Historical Review 96 (1991): 42-62.

Gradon, Pamela. "Langland and the Ideology of Dissent." Proceedings of the British Academy 66 (1980): 179-205.

---. "Punctuation in a Middle English Sermon." Stanley and Gray 39-48.

Green, Richard F. "John Ball's Letters: Literary History and Historical Literature." Hanawalt 176-200.

---. A Crisis of Truth: Literature and Law in Ricardian England. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.

---. "John Purvey and John of Gaunt's Third Marriage." Mediaeval Studies 66 (2004): 363-70. [Argues that the odd juxtaposition in Purvey's Heresies and Errors (as recorded by Lavenham) of a discussion of the marriage of those linked in spiritual affinity (godparents) with the question of whether bastards can inherit the throne can be explained by the situation surrounding John of Gaunt's marriage to Katherine Swynford and his ambitions for the Beauforts (his illegitimate children by Katherine) in 1396. This shows that Lollard influence on Gaunt, or at least on his extended household, lasted longer than has sometimes been supposed.]

Green, Samuel G. John Wycliffe, the First of the English Reformers. London, 1885.

Green, Vivian H.H. "Bishop Pecock and the English Bible." Church Quarterly Review 129 (1939-40): 281-95.

---. Bishop Reginald Pecock. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1945.

Grimm, F. Das syntaktische Gebrauch der praepositionen bei Wyclif und Purvey. Marburg, 1891.

Groenevald, Leanne, "Mourning, Heresy, and Resurrection in the York Corpus Christi Cycle." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 30 (2003): 1-22.

Gurevich, Aaron. "Heresy and Literacy: Evidence of the Thirteenth-century Exempla." Biller and Hudson 104-111.

Gustavson, Kevin. "Richard Rolle's English Psalter and the Making of a Lollard Tract." Viator 33 (2002): 294-309. [Richard Rolle's English Psalter was frequently copied and, by the early fifteenth century, was a source of religious controversy, as one writer complained that Lollard scribes had contaminated an otherwise orthodox text by introducing heretical glosses. Modern scholars, largely content to accept this claim, have struggled to identify exclusively Lollard elements in the manuscripts. This essay reexamines the problem of defining heterodoxy in the English Psalter by focusing less on the putative sources of interpolated passages than on how features of Rolle's original text-notably its emphasis on personal confession and its ambivalence about clerical authority-made it susceptible to both Lollard theology and ecclesiastical scrutiny. The author concludes that, while manuscript variation undoubtedly raised suspicion, the "heresy" of the English Psalter should also be seen as the product of historical change, as an ambitious vernacular text collided with a church hierarchy that was increasingly aware of the need of-and difficulty in-controlling any authoritative religious text in English.]

Gwynn,A. The English Austin Friars in the Time of Wyclif. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1940.

Haigh, Christopher. English Reformations. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.

Hailey, Arthur A. "'Geuyng light to the reader': Robert Crowley's Editions of Piers Plowman (1550)." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 95 (Dec 2001): 483-502. [Hailey discusses how Robert Crowley published Piers Plowman in 1550 because he was a follower of heretic John Wyclif, whose teachings were similar to beliefs expounded in the poem. Those ties to Wyclif may have kept the poem from being published previously, but the author believes that the poem's obscure northern dialect of Middle English is more likely to blame.]

Haines, R.M. "'Wilde Wittes and Wilfulnes': John Swetstock's Attack on those 'poyswunmongeres,' the Lollards." Popular Belief and Practice. Ed. G.J. Cuming and D. Baker. Studies in Church History 8. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1972. 143-53.

---. "Church, Society, and Politics in the Early Fifteenth Century as Viewed from the English Pulpit." Church, Society, and Politics. Ed. Derek Baker. Studies in Church History 12. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1975. 143-57.

---. "Reginald Pecock: A Tolerant Man in an Age of Intolerance." Persecution and Toleration. Studies in Church History 21. Ed. W.J. Sheils. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984. 125-137.

Halasey, Steven Douglas. "Interview with Anne Hudson." Comitatus 13 (1982): 5-15.

Hall, L.B. The Perilous Vision of John Wyclif. Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1983.

Hammond, Gerald. "What was the Influence of the Medieval English Bible upon the Renaissance Bible?" Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 77.3 (1995): 87-95.

Hankey, Wayne John. "'Magis . . . Pro Nostra Sentencia': John Wyclif, His Mediaeval Predecessors and Reformed Successors, and a Pseudo-Augustinian Eucharistic Decretal." Augustiniana 45, fasc. 3-4 (1995): 213-245.

Hanna III, Ralph. "The Text of the Memoriale Credencium." Neophilologus 67:2 (1983): 284-92.

---. "The Origins and Production of Westminster School MS. 3." Studies in Bibliography 41 (1988): 197-218. Rpt. in Hanna 35-47.

---. "The Difficulty of Ricardian Prose Translation: The Case of the Lollards." Modern Language Quarterly 51:3 (1990): 319-40.

---. "Two Lollard Codices and Lollard Book Production." Studies in Bibliography 43 (1990): 49-62. Rpt. in Hanna 48-59.

---. "Some Norfolk Women and Their Books." The Cultural Patronage of Medieval Women. ed. June Hall McCash. Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1996. 288-305.

---. "'Vae Octuplex,' Lollard Socio-textual Ideology, and Ricardian-Lancastrian Prose Translation." Copeland 244-263.

---. "Will's Work." Justice and Kerby-Fulton, 23-66.

---. "English Biblical Texts Before Lollardy and their Fate." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 141-53.

Hanna, William. Wycliffe and the Huguenots; or, Sketches of the Rise of the Reformation in England, and of the Early History of Protestantism in France. Edinburgh, 1860.

Hanrahan, T.J. "John Wyclif's Political Activity." Mediaeval Studies 20 (1958): 154-66.

Hansen, H.M. "The Peasant's Revolt of 1381 and the Chronicles." Journal of Medieval History 6 (1980): 393-415.

Hansford-Miller, F. The Diocesan Changes of King Henry VIII, and the Friars and the Lollards. A History and Geography of Western Religion 7. Canterbury-Yanchep, Western Australia: Abcado Publishers, 1992.

Happé, Peter. John Bale. New York: Twayne, 1996.

Harding, W.H. The Morning Star of the Reformation: John Wycliffe. London, 1913.

Hardwick, Paul. "Breaking the Rules that 'Ben Not Writen': Reginald Pecock and the Vernacular." Parergon 19.2 (July, 2002): 101-18.

Hargreaves, Henry. "The Latin Text of Purvey's Psalter." Medium Aevum 24 (1955): 73-90.

---. "An Intermediate Version of the Wycliffite Old Testament." Studia Neophilologica 28 (1956): 130-47.

---. "The Marginal Glosses to the Wycliffite New Testament." Studia Neophilologica 33 (1961): 285-300.

---. "From Bede to Wyclif: Medieval English Bible Translations." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 48.1 (1965): 118-140.

---. "Wyclif's Prose." Essays and Studies 19 (1966): 1-17.

---. "The Wycliffite Versions." The Cambridge History of the Bible, vol. 2. Ed. G.W.H. Lampe. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1969. 387-415.

---. "Sir John Oldcastle and Wycliffite Views on Clerical Marriage." Medium Aevum 42 (1973): 141-46.

---. "Popularising Biblical Scholarship: The Role of the Wycliffite Glossed Gospels." The Bible and Medieval Culture. Ed. W. Lourdaux and D. Verhelst. Leuven: Leuven Univ. Press, 1979. 171-89.

---. "The Wycliffite Glossed Gospels as Source: Further Evidence." Traditio 48 (1993): 247-51.

Harper-Bill, Christopher. The Pre-Reformation Church in England, 1400-1530. Revised ed. New York: Longman, 1996.

Harriss, G.L. Cardinal Beaufort: A Study of Lancastrian Ascendancy and Decline. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.

Hartel, Helmar. "Sermon Literature." Edwards 177-207.

Harvey, Margaret. "The Case for Urban VI in England to 1390." Genèse et débuts du Grand Schisme d'Occident. Ed. Jean Favier et al. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1980. 541-60.

---. Solutions to the Great Schism: A Study of Some English Attitudes, 1378 to 1409. Kirchengeschichtliche Quellen und Studien, b. 12. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 1983.

---. "Lollardy and the Great Schism: Some Contemporary Perceptions." Hudson and Wilks 385-96.

---. "The Diffusion of the Doctrinale of Thomas Netter in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." Intellectual Life in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to Margaret Gibson. Ed. L. Smith and B. Ward. London: Hambledon, 1992. 281-94.

---. England, Rome, and the Papacy, 1414-1464: The Study of a Relationship. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.

---. "Adam Easton and the Condemnation of John Wyclif." English Historical Review 113 (April 1998): 321-35.

---. The English in Rome 1362-1420: Portrait of an Expatriate Community. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999.

Havens, Jill C. "A Curious Erasure in Walsingham's Short Chronicle and the Politics of Heresy." Given-Wilson 95-106. [Havens considers the erasure of the names of the Lollard knights from a copy of Walsingham's Short Chronicle in Bodleian Library, Bodley MS 316, and suggests that a later owner of Bodley 316, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, might have been involved.]

---. "As Englishe is comoun langage to oure puple: the Lollards and their Imagined English Community." In Imagining a Medieval English Nation. Ed. Kathy Lavezzo. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press, 2003. 96-128. [Havens agees with Anne Hudson that nationalism was not a determinant of Lollardy, but she proposes, reversing Hudson's formulation, that the Lollardy heresy might have been a catalyst or "contributing factor in the emergence of English nationalism" (96). She goes on to clarify that Lollardy was not a nationalistic heretical movement but nevertheless, "Lollards were at some level conscious of their role in the emergence of an English nationalism; at the same time the language of their texts seems reliant upon a preexistent idea of an English national identity" (98).]

Healey, J.E. "John of Gaunt and John Wyclif." Canadian Catholic Historical Report (1962): 41-75.

Hearnshaw, F.J.C. "John Wycliffe and Divine Dominion." The Social and Political Ideas of Some Great Medieval Thinkers. Ed. F.J.C. Hearnshaw. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1923. 192-223.

Heidtmann, P. "Wycliffe and the Lollards: A Reforming Heretical Sect at the End of the Fourteenth Century." History Today 29 (1970): 724-32.

Henry, Desmond P. Medieval Mereology. Amsterdam: Grüner, 1991.

Herold, Vilém. "Wyclif's Philosophy and Platonic Ideas." Filozoficky Casopis 33 (1985): 47-96.

---. [Prague University and Wyclif: Wyclif's Teachings about Ideas and the Beginning of the Hussite Revolutionary Thought]. Prague: Univ. of Karlova, 1985.

---. "Wyclif Polemik gegen Ockhams Auffassung der platonischen Ideen und ihr Nachklang in der tschechischen hussitischen Philosophie." Hudson and Wilks 185-216.

---. "Platonic Ideas and 'Hussite' Philosophy." David R. Holeton, ed. The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice, vol. 1. Papers from the 17th World Congress of the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences. Prague: Academic of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Main Library, 1994. 13-18.

---. "Wyklif als Reformer: Die philosophische Dimension." Seibt 39-47.

---. "How Wycliffite was the Bohemian Reformation?" Zdenek V. David and David R. Holeton, eds. The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice, vol. 2. Papers from the 18th World Congress of the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences. Prague: Academic of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Main Library, 1998. 25-38.

---. "Zum Prager philosophischen Wyclifismus." Šmahel and Müller-Luckner 133-146.

---. "Philosophy in Prague University in the Pre-Hussite Period: Schola Aristotelis or Platonis Divinissimi?" Filosoficky Casopis 47 (1999): 5-14. [Herold notes that the terms "schola Aristotelis" and "Plato divinissimi" originated with Hus and are both directly linked to the teaching in the arts faculty of Prague University at the beginning of the 15th century. While the terms might indicate a negative view of Aristotle, the study of philosophy in Prague, Herold shows, was apparently no less "Aristotelian" than in other European universities of the time. He then goes on to demonstrate that the sympathy for Platonism in this Aristotelian context was increased by the introduction of Wycliffe's writings, a trend which later played an important role in the development of Hussite ideas.]

Heseltine, George C. "The Myth of Wyclif." Thought 7 (1932): 108-21.

Heymann, Frederick G. John Žižka and the Hussite Revolution. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1955.

Heyworth, P.L. "The Earliest Black-Letter Editions of Jack Upland." Huntington Library Quarterly 30 (1967): 307-14.

---. "Jack Upland's Rejoinder: A Lollard Interpolator and Piers Plowman B.X.245f." Medium Aevum 36 (1967): 242-48.

Hill, Christopher. "From Lollards to Levellers." Rebels and their Causes: Essays in Honour of A.L. Morton. Ed. M. Conforth. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1978. 49-67.

Hollack, E. Vergleichende Studien zu der Hereford, Wyclif, und Purvey Bibelübersetzung und der lateinischen Vulgata. Leipzig, 1903.

Holmes, George. "Cardinal Beaufort and the Crusade against the Hussites." English Historical Review 88 (1973): 721-50.

---. The Good Parliament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.

Holsinger, Bruce. "The Vision of Music in a Lollard Florilegium: Cantus in the Middle English Rosarium Theologie (Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College MS 354/581)." Plainsong and Medieval Music 8.2 (1999): 95-106.

Holt, Emily Sarah. John de Wycliffe, The First of the Reformers and What He Did for England. London, 1884.

Hope, Andrew. "Lollardy: the Stone the Builders Rejected?" Protestantism and the National Church in the Sixteenth Century. Ed. P. Lake and M. Dowling. London: Croom Helm, 1987. 1-35.

---. "The Lady and the Bailiff: Lollardy among the Gentry in Yorkist and Early Tudor England." Aston and Richmond 250-277.

Horner, Patrick J. "Benedictines and Preaching in Fifteenth-century England: the Evidence of Two Bodleian Library Manuscripts." Revue Benedictine 99 (1989): 313-22.

---. "'The King Taught us the Lesson': Benedictine Support for Henry V's Suppression of the Lollards." Mediaeval Studies 52 (1990): 190-220.

Houlbrooke, R.A. "Persecution of Heresy and Protestantism in the Diocese of Norwich under Henry VIII." Norfolk Archaeology 35 (1972): 308-26.

Howard, Donald. Chaucer: His Life, His Works, His World. New York: Random House, 1987.

Hudson, Anne. "A Lollard Quaternion." Review of English Studies n.s. 22 (1971): 451-65. Rpt. in Hudson 192-200.

---. "A Lollard Sermon-Cycle and its Implications." Medium Aevum 40 (1971): 142-56.

---. "The Expurgation of a Lollard Sermon Cycle." Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 22 (1971): 435-42. Rpt. in Hudson 201-15.

---. "A Lollard Compilation and the Dissemination of Wycliffite Thought." Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 23 (1972): 65-81. Rpt. in Hudson 13-29.

---. "Some Aspects of Lollard Book Production." Baker, Schism 147-57. Rpt. in Hudson 181-191.

---. "A Lollard Mass." Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 23 (1972): 407-19. Rpt. in Hudson 112-123.

---. "Contributions to a History of Wycliffite Writings." Notes and Queries 218 (1973): 443-53. Rpt. in Hudson 1-12.

---. "The Examination of Lollards." Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 46 (1973): 145-59. Rpt. in Hudson 124-140, with an Appendix.

---. "A Lollard Compilation in England and Bohemia." Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 25 (1974): 129-40. Rpt. in Hudson 30-42.

---. "The Debate on Bible Translation, Oxford 1401." English Historical Review 90 (1975): 1-18. Rpt. in Hudson 66-84.

---. "A Neglected Wycliffite Text." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 29 (1978): 257-79. Rpt. in Hudson 43-65.

--- "A Lollard Sect Vocabulary?" Benskin and Samuels 15-30. Rpt. in Hudson 164-180.

---. "Some Problems of Identity and Identifications in Wycliffite Writings." Edwards and Pearsall 81-90.

---. "John Purvey: A Reconsideration of the Evidence for his Life and Writings." Viator 12 (1981): 355-80. Rpt. in Hudson 85-110.

---. "Lollardy: The English Heresy?" Religion and National Identity. Ed. Stuart Mews. Studies in Church History 18. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982. 261-83. Rpt. in Hudson 141-63.

---. "'No Newe Thing': The Printing of Medieval Texts in the Early Reformation Period." Middle English Studies Presented to Norman Davis. Ed. Douglas Gray and Eric Stanley. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1983. 153-74. Rpt. in Hudson 227-48.

---. "Observations on a Northerner's Vocabulary." Stanley and Gray 74-83. Rpt. in Hudson 217-26.

---. John Wyclif and his Influence in England: A Commemorative Exhibition Held in Lambeth Palace Library June 4-July 26, 1984. London: Lambeth Palace Library, 1984.

---. "Wycliffite Prose." Edwards 249-70.

---. "A New Look at the Lay Folk's Catechism." Viator 16 (1985): 243-258.

---. "A Wycliffite Scholar of the Early Fifteenth Century." Walsh and Wood 301-315.

---. "Wyclif and the English Language." Kenny 85-103.

---. "Wycliffism in Oxford 1381-1411." Kenny 67-84.

---. "Biblical Exegesis in Wycliffite Writings." John Wyclif 61-79.

---. "The Lay Folk's Catechism: A Postscript." Viator 18 (1988): 307-309.

---. "The Legacy of Piers Plowman." Alford 251-266.

---. The Premature Reformation: Wycliffite Texts and Lollard History. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.

---. "William Thorpe and the Question of Authority." Christian Authority: Essays in Honour of Henry Chadwick. Ed. G.R. Evans. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988. 127-37.

---. "Lollard Book Production." Griffiths and Pearsall 125-142.

---. "The Mouse in the Pyx: Popular Heresy and the Eucharist." Trivium 26 (1991): 40-53.

---. "The King and Erring Clergy: A Wycliffite Contribution." Wood, Church and Sovereignity 269-78.

---. "John Wyclif." The English Religious Tradition and the Genius of Anglicanism. Ed. Geoffrey Rowell. Wantage: Ikon, 1992. 65-78.

---. "The Variable Text." Minnis, Crux and Controversy 49-60.

---. "Aspects of the 'Publication' of Wyclif's Latin Sermons." Minnis, Late Medieval Religious Texts 121-29.

---. "The Hussite Catalogues of Wyclif's Works." Pánek, Polívka, and Rejchrtová 401-18.

---. "Laicus Litteratus: The Paradox of Lollardy." Biller and Hudson 222-236.

---. "Piers Plowman and the Peasant's Revolt: A Problem Revisited." Yearbook of Langland Studies 8 (1995): 85-106.

---. "Trial and Error: Wyclif's Works in Cambridge, Trinity College MS B.16.2." New Science out of Old Books: Studies in Manuscripts and Early Printed Books in Honour of A.I. Doyle. Ed. Richard Beadle and A.J. Piper. Aldershot: Scolar, 1995. 53-80.

---. "William Taylor's 1406 Sermon: A Postscript." Medium Aevum 64:1 (1995): 100-06.

---. "Lollardy and Eschatology." Patschovsky and Šmahel 99-113.

---. "From Oxford to Prague: The Writings of John Wyclif and his English Followers in Bohemia." Slavonic and East European Review 75 (Oct. 1997): 642-58.

---. "Hermofodrita or Ambidexter: Wycliffite Views on Clerks in Secular Office." Aston and Richmond 41-51.

---. "Poor Preachers, Poor Men: Views of Poverty in Wyclif and his Followers." Šmahel and Müller-Luckner 41-54.

---. "Cross Referencing in Wyclif's Latin Works." Biller and Dobson 193-216.

---. "Accessus ad auctorem: The Case of John Wyclif." Viator 30 (1999): 323-44.

---. "Peculiaris regis clericus: Wyclif and the Issue of Authority." The Growth of Authority in the Medieval West. Ed. M. Gosman, A.J. Vanderjagh, and J.R. Veenstra. Groningen: Mediaevalia Groningana, 1999. 63-81.

---. "Wyclif and the North: The Evidence from Durham." Wood, Life and Thought 87-103.

---. "Wyclif's Latin Sermons: Questions of Form, Date and Audience." Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge 68 (2001): 223-48. [Hudson notes that Wyclif left a large number of Latin sermons, but these, although printed by Loserth amongst the editions of the Wyclif Society, have been less frequently studied than his other writings. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the manuscript preservation and arrangement of the sermons, their date of origin and the audience for whom they were intended.]

---. "Which Wyche?" The Framing of the Lollard Heretic and/or Saint." In Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy. Ed. Caterina Bruschi and Peter Biller. York Studies in Medieval Theology. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2002. 221-37. [The evidence for medieval heresy always comes shaped by rhetoric, whether that of opponent or follower; the modern critic inevitably not only reacts to that rhetoric but necessarily uses it also, even if not always consciously. The case of Richard Wyche offers a rare instance in Lollardy where records survive from both sides of the story. Yet those records can only produce a coherent account through the interpretation of their details, an interpretation which needs to understand their polemic but which may go (or be tempted to go) beyond what is strictly declared in them.]

---. "Notes of an Early Fifteenth-Century Research Assistant, and the Emergence of the 267 Articles against Wyclif." English Historical Review 118.477 (June, 2003) 685-97. [In 1411 Archbishop Arundel was sent a list of 267 extracts from Wyclif's work to support his condemnation for heresy. Magdalen College lat.99 contains a listing of these articles which must be preliminary to the final list sent to the Archbishop, compiled "between Easter 1410 and the end of the year" (690). Hudson goes on to examine the late life and importance of the 267 conclusions. It is possible that the lack of reference to several of Wyclif's works in this draft indicates that they were no longer present in Oxford.]

---. "Langland and Lollardy."The Yearbook of Langland Studies 17 (2003): 93-106. This essay is a response to the special section on "Langland and Lollardy" (see entries for Aers, Cole, and Somerset). [Hudson prefaces her response with a call for a study that would establish dates without an underlying argument to support (94). She goes on to argue, in response to Cole's essay, that Langland's use of "loller(e)" cannot be determined with reference to later documents, especially since the register of the term "was within that most unpredictable realm of the affective" (96). She notes the relative absence of the term in the contemporary documentary record and concludes that the use of loller(e) in both the B- and C-texts is not "sect-specific" (100). In response to Aers's essay, Hudson argues that he overstates the differences between Langland and Wyclif on the subject of poverty, and she cites texts that offer a "more nuanced account" of Wyclif's views (102). In response to Somerset's essay, Hudson agrees that vernacular Wycliffite texts recall Piers Plowman in the way that they reinterpret Latin academic cases, and she adds Dives and Pauper to Somerset's list of texts.]

Hudson, Anne, and Helen L. Spencer. "Old Author, New Work: The Sermons of MS Longleat 4." Medium Aevum 53 (1984): 220-238.

Hughes, Jonathan. Pastors and Visionaries: Religious and Secular Life in Late Medieval Yorkshire. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1988.

Hunt, Alison M. "Macalating Mary: The Detractors of the N-Town Cycle's 'Trial of Joseph and Mary.'" Philological Quarterly 73.1 (Winter, 1994): 11-30.

Hurley, Michael. "'Scriptura Sola': Wyclif and His Critics." Traditio 16 (1960): 275-352.

---. "A Pre-Tridentine Theology of Tradition: Thomas Netter of Walden (d. 1430)." Heythrop Journal 4 (1963): 348-66.

Irvine, Annie Sowell. "The Participle in Wycliffe, with Especial Reference to his Original English Works." University of Texas Bulletin: Studies in English 9 (1929): 5-68.

---. "The To Comyng(e) Construction in Wyclif." PMLA 45 (1930): 468-500.

Ives, Doris. "A Man of Religion." Modern Language Review 27 (1932): 144-48.

Jacob, E.F. "Reynold Pecock, Bishop of Chichester." British Academy Ralegh Lecture of 1951. Publications of the British Academy 37 (1951): 121-53.

---. The Fifteenth Century, 1399-1485. Oxford: Clarendon, 1961.

---. Henry Chichele. London: Thomas Nelson, 1967.

---. "The Canterbury Convocation of 1406." Essays in Medieval History Presented to Bertie Wilkinson. Ed. T.A. Sandquist and M.R. Powicke. Toronto: Toronto Univ. Press, 1969. 345-53.

Jäger, Oskar. John Wycliffe, und seine Bedeutung für die Reformation. Halle, 1854.

Janssen, V.F. "Die four sects und die sect of Christ bei Wiclif." Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 56 (1937): 354-360.

Jeaunneau, Edouard. "Plato apud Bohemos." Mediaeval Studies 41 (1979): 161-214.

Jeffrey, David Lyle. "Chaucer and Wyclif: Biblical Hermeneutic and Literary Theory in the xivth Century." Chaucer and Scriptural Tradition. Ed. D.L. Jeffrey. Ottawa: Univ. of Ottawa Press, 1984.

---. "John Wyclif and the Hermeneutics of Reader Response." Interpretation 39.3 (July, 1985): 272-87.

---. "False Witness and the Just Use of Evidence in the Wycliffite 'Pistel of Swete Susan.'" The Judgment of Susanna: Authority and Witness. Ed. Ellen Spolsky. Atlanta: Scholars, 1996. 57-71.

---. "Victimization and Legal Abuse: The Wycliffite Retelling of the Story of Susannah." Retelling Tales: Essays in Honor of Russell Peck. Ed. T. Hahn and A. Lupack. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1997. 161-78.

Jenkins, Claude. "Cardinal Morton's Register." Tudor Studies Presented . . . to Albert Frederick Pollard. Ed. R.W. Seton-Watson. 1924. Rpt. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1969. 26-74.

Johnson, Ian. "Vernacular Valorizing: Functions and Fashionings of Literary Theory in Middle English Translation of Authority." Beer 239-54.

Johnston, Alexandra. "The Plays of the Religious Guilds of York: The Creed Play and the Pater Noster Play." Speculum 50.1 (1975): 55-90.

Jones, Edmund D. "The Authenticity of Some Works Ascribed to Wycliffe." Anglia 30 (1907): 261-8.

Jones, W.R. "Lollards and Images: The Defense of Religious Art in Later Medieval England." Journal of the History of Ideas 34 (1973): 27-50.

Jurkowski, Maureen. "Lancastrian Royal Service, Lollardy, and Forgery: The Career of Thomas Tykhill." Crown, Government and People in the Fifteenth Century. Ed. Rowena E. Archer. New York: St. Martin's, 1995. 33-52.

---. "New Light on John Purvey." English Historical Review 110 (Nov. 1995): 1180-91.

---. "Lawyers and Lollardy in the Early Fifteenth Century." Aston and Richmond 155-182.

---. "Heresy and Factionalism at Merton College in the Early Fifteenth Century." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 48 (Oct. 1997): 658-81.

---. "The Arrest of William Thorpe in Shrewsbury and the Anti-Lollard Statute of 1406." Historical Research 75 (2002): 273-295.

---. "Lollardy in Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire: The Two Thomas Compworths." Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 73-95.

Justice, Steven. "Inquisition, Speech, and Writing: A Case from Late Medieval Norwich." Representations 48 (1994): 1-29; rpt. in Copeland 289-322.

---. Writing and Rebellion: England in 1381. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1994.

---. "Lollardy." Wallace 662-689.

Kalidova, Robert. "Joannus Wyclifs Metaphysik des extremen Realismus und ihre Bedeutung im Endstadium der mittelalterlichen Philosophie." Die Metaphysik im Mittelalter, ed. Paul Wilpert. Miscellanea Medievalia, vol. 2. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1963. 717-23.

---. Revolution und Ideologie: Der Hussitismus. Trans. H. Thorwart and M. Glettler. Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 1976.

Kaluza, Zenon. "Late Medieval Philosophy, 1350-1500." Routledge History of Philosophy, Vol. III: Late Medieval Philosophy. Ed. John Marenbon. New York: Routledge, 1998. 426-451.

Kamerick, Kathleen. Popular Piety and Art in the Later Middle Ages: Image Worship and Idolatry in England, 1350-1550. London: Palgrave, 2002. [Kamerick works with a wide range of later medieval texts, Lollard and orthodox, Latin and vernacular, describing debates over the status of images. According to the press release, "Medieval churchmen typically defended religious art as 'books' to teach the unlettered laity their faith, but in late medieval England, Lollard accusations of idolatry stimulated renewed debate over image worship. This book places this dispute within the context of the religious beliefs and devotional practices of lay people, showing how they used and responded to holy images in their parish churches, at shrines, and in prayer books. Far more than substitutes for texts, holy images presented a junction of the material and spiritual, offering an increasingly literate laity access to the supernatural through the visual power of 'beholding.'"]

Kaminsky, Howard. "Wyclifism as Ideology of Revolution." Church History 32 (1963): 57-74.

---. A History of the Hussite Revolution. Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1967. Rpt. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2004.

Kamowski, William. "Chaucer and Wyclif: God's Miracles Against the Clergy's Magic." The Chaucer Review 37.1 (2002): 5-25. ["This essay examines Chaucer's and Wyclif's shared reflections upon the alleged miracles and other spiritual empowerments of the Church in the fourteenth century [ . . . ]. My primary purpose is to lend force to arguments for Wyclif's influence upon Chaucer. But I will also suggest how an understanding of Wycliffite affinities in Chaucer can lead us to a better appreciation of the poet's aesthetic transformation of the polemical, anti-aesthetic rhetoric associated with Wycliffite discourse--and with the discourse of dissent more generally" (6-7).]

Kaňák, M. John Viklef. Zivot a dílo anglického Husove predchudce. Prague: Blahoslav, 1970. Trans. Der Ketzer von Oxvord. Leben un Wirkungen John Wiklefs. [John Wyclif: The Life and Work of the English Precursor of Hus.] Prague: Blahoslav, 1973.

Keen, Maurice. England in the Later Middle Ages: A Political History. London: Methuen, 1973.

---. "Wyclif, the Bible, and Transubstantiation." Kenny 1-17.

---. "The Influence of Wyclif." Kenny 127-145.

Kennedy, Leonard A. The Philosophy of Robert Holcot: A Fourteenth Century Sceptic. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1993.

Kelemen, Erick. "Drama in Sermons: Quotation, Performativity, and Conversion in a Middle English Sermon and the Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge." ELH 69 (2002): 1-19. [The Tretise "is itself a theory of theatre that quotes and disputes another theory of the theater--making it an antagonistic dialogue of theories" (1). Keleman starts with this internal conflict in the Tretise, noting that the aim of both sermon and drama is conversion. Using a sermon conversion narrative of the prodigal son, he shows that "conversion foregrounds a fundamental instability in the subject, which problematizes any simple understanding of the function of mimesis in a didactic medium, sermon, or drama" (2).]

Kellogg, A.L., and Ernest W. Talbert, "The Wycliffite Pater Noster and Ten Commandments, with Special Reference to English Mss. 85 and 90 in the John Rylands Library." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 42 (1960): 345-377.

Kelly, Henry Ansgar. "Lollard Inquisitions: Due and Undue Process." The Devil, Heresy, and Witchcraft in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honor of J.B. Russell. Ed. Alberto Ferreiro. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1998. 279-303.

---. "Trial Procedures against Wyclif and Wycliffites in England and at the Trial of Constance." The Huntington Library Quarterly 1999 (61): 1-28.

Kemp, Anthony. The Estrangment of the Past: A Study in the Origins of Modern Historical Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991.

Kendall, Ritchie D. The Drama of Dissent: The Radical Poetics of Nonconformity, 1380-1590. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1986.

Kenny, Anthony. Wyclif. Past Masters Series. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1985.

---. "The Realism of the de Universalibus." Kenny 17-30.

---. "Wyclif: A Master Mind." Proceedings of the British Academy 72 (1986): 91-113. Rpt. in The Heritage of Wisdom. Ed. A. Kenny. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987. 68-92.

---. "Realism and Determinism in the Early Wyclif." Hudson and Wilks 165-178.

---. "The Accursed Memory: The Counter-Reformation Reputation of John Wyclif." Kenny 147-68.

Kerby-Fulton, Kathryn. "Prophecy and Suspicion: Closet Radicalism, Reformist Politics, and the Vogue for Hildegardiana in Ricardian England." Speculum 75 (2000): 318-341.

Kerby-Fulton, Kathryn, and Denise Depres. Iconography and the Professional Reader: The Politics of Book Production in the Douce Piers Plowman. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1998.

King, John N. English Reformation Literature. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1982.

Klassen, John. The Nobility and the Making of the Hussite Revolution. Boulder: East European Quarterly, 1978.

---. "Hus, the Hussites, and Bohemia." New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 7: c. 1415-c.1500. Ed. Christopher Allemand. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998. 367-91.

Knapp, Ethan. The Bureaucratic Muse: Thomas Hoccleve and the Literature of Late Medieval England. University Park: Penn State Univ. Press, 2001. [Knapp notes that recent studies of Lollardy and the Lancastrians have occasioned a re-evaluation of Hoccleve's work; to this he "would add a third crucial term: bureaucracy" (2). The book takes part in and further encourages much of the recent re-evaluation of Hoccleve--and fifteenth-century poetry--and of course much of interest here stretches far beyond Lollardy per se. Knapp discusses Lollardy specifically in his fifth chapter, entitled "Hoccleve and Heresy: Image, Memory, and the Vanishing Mediator," in which he discusses the religious poetry, including the "Remonstrance to Sir John Oldcastle." Knapp uses this poem to begin his argument for a nuanced view of Hoccleve's orthodoxy, showing how his anti-Lollardy is also combined with "a sophisticated critique of the ability of the image to instantiate reality, a critique that asserts the essential unreliability of the ocular tropes so central to orthodox polemic" (134).]

Knapp, Peggy. "Wyclif as Bible Translator: The Texts for the English Sermons." Speculum 46 (1971): 713-20.

---. "John Wyclif and the Horned Patriarchs." American Notes and Queries 14 (1976): 66-67.

---. The Style of John Wyclif's English Sermons. The Hague: Mouton, 1977.

---. Chaucer and the Social Contest. New York: Routledge, 1990.

---. "The Words of the Parson's 'Vertuous Sentence.'" Closure in the Canterbury Tales: The Role of the Parson's Tale. Ed. David Raybin and Linda Tarte Holley. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute, 2000. 95-113. [While Lollardy circulates within several essays in this volume, it is most central to Knapp's paper. Her paper is similar in approach to her recent Time-Bound Words, building upon papers such as Anne Hudson's "Is There a Lollard Vocabulary?" and theoretical approaches such as Raymond William's Keywords. She excavates the resonances of several key words in the Parson's vocabulary, including "fable," "glose," "lewed," "estat," and "fre."]

---. Time-Bound Words: Semantic and Social Economies from Chaucer's England to Shakespeare's. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.

Knowles, David. The Religious Orders in England. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1961.

---. "The Censured Opinions of Uthred of Boldon." The Historian and Character and Other Essays. Ed. D. Knowles. Cambridge: Univ. of Cambridge Press, 1963. 129-70.

Kolesnyk, Alexander. "Hussens Eucharistiebegriff." Seibt 193-202.

Kolve, V.A. The Play Called Corpus Christi. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1966.

Krapp, J.P. The Rise of English Literary Prose. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1916.

Kras, Paweł. "Hussitism and the Polish Nobility." Aston and Richmond 183-198.

Kretzmann, Norman. "Continua, Indivisibles, and Change in Wyclif's Logic of Scripture." Kenny 31-65.

Krey, Philip. "Many Readers but Few Followers: The Fate of Nicholas of Lyra's 'Apocalypse Commentary' in the Hands of his Late Medieval Admirers." Church History 64 (June 1995): 185-97.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. "The Thomist Tradition." Medieval Aspects of Renaissance Learning. Durham: Duke Univ. Press, 1974.

Krofta, Kamil. "John Hus." Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 8. Ed. C.W. Previté and Z.N. Brooke. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1936. 45-64.

Krummel, Leopold. "Die Vorreformatoren Wycliffe und Hus und ihr Verhältnis zu den scholastischen Systemen des Realismus und Nominalismus." Theologische Studien und Kritiken 44 (1871): 297-317.

Kuhl, E. P. "Chaucer and the Church." Modern Language Notes 40.6 (1925): 321-38.

Kuczynski, Michael. Prophetic Song: The Psalms as Moral Discourse in Late Medieval England. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.

---. "Rolle among the Reformers: Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in Wycliffite Copies of Richard Rolle's Psalter." Mysticism and Spirituality in Medieval England. Ed. W. F. Pollard and R. Boenig. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 1997. 177-202.

---. "The Earliest English Wyclif Portraits?: Political Caricatures in Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Laud Misc. 286." Journal of the Early Book Society 5 (2002): 121-139. [Laud Misc. 286 is a copy of Rolle's English Commentary on the Psalter, with some interpolations. Kuczynski describes how three marginal portraits seem in various ways to mock Wyclif. He describes interpolations to Psalms 1-17 as conservative and polemical (not Lollard). Therefore, "this copy of Rolle's commentary . . . could have been deliberately passed off by a conservative copyist as Rolle's own work in order to counter the supposedly pernicious effects of Lollard copies" (128).]

Kurze, D. "Die festlädischen Lollarden: zur Geschichte der religiösen Bewegungen im ausgehenden Mittelalter." Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 47 (1965): 48-76.

Kybal, V. "Étude sur les origines du mouvement Hussite in Bohemia. Matthias de Ianov." Revue Historique 103 (1910): 1-31.

Lahey, Stephen. "Wyclif and Toleration." Difference and Dissent. Ed. Carey Nederman and John Laurson. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996. 39-66.

---. "Wyclif on Rights." Journal of the History of Ideas 58 (Jan. 1997): 1-21.

---. "Wyclif and Lollardy." The Medieval Theologians: An Introduction to the Theology of the Medieval Period. Ed. Gillian R. Evans. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. 334-54.

---. Metaphysics and Politics in the Thought of John Wyclif. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. [John Wyclif was the fourteenth-century English thinker responsible for the first English Bible, and for the Lollard movement which was persecuted widely for its attempts to reform the church through empowerment of the laity. Wyclif had also been an Oxford philosopher, and was in the service of John of Gaunt, the powerful duke of Lancaster. In several of Wyclif's formal, Latin works he proposed that the king ought to take control of all church property and power in the kingdom - a vision close to what Henry VIII was to realize 150 years later. This book argues that Wyclif's political program was based on a coherent philosophical vision ultimately consistent with his other reformative ideas, identifying for the first time a consistency between his realist metaphysics and his political and ecclesiological theory. Specifically, the book argues that Wyclif's metaphysics serves as intellectual foundation for his political thought. Lahey examines the concept of dominium both as divine universal by causality and as instantiated in prelapsarian (natural) and postlapsarian (civil) forms, illustrating the close ties between Tractatus de Universalibus, De Civili Dominio and De Dominio Divino.]

Lambert, Malcolm. Medieval Heresy. 2^nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992.

Landi, Aldo. "John Wyclif nella storia." John Wyclif 15-44.

Lares, Micheline. "Les traductions bibliquies: l'exemple de la Grande Bretagne." Riche and Lobrichon 123-40.

Larsen, Andrew E. "The Oxford 'School of Heretics': the Unexamined Case of Friar John." Vivarium 37.2 (1999): 168-77.

---. "Are All Lollards Lollards?" Somerset, Havens, and Pitard 59-72.

Laun, Justus F. "Thomas Bradwardina, der Schüler Augustins und Lehrer Wiclifs." Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 47 (1928): 333-56.

---. "Recherches sur Thomas de Bradwardin, précursor de Wyclif." Revue d'Histoire te de philosophie religieuses 9 (1929): 217-33.

Lawton, David. "Lollardy and the Piers Plowman Tradition." Modern Language Review 76 (1981): 780-93.

---. Faith, Text, and History: The Bible in English. Charlottesville: Univ. of Virginia Press, 1990.

---. "Voice, Authority, and Blasphemy in the Book of Margery Kempe." Margery Kempe: A Book of Essays. Ed. Sandra J. McEntire. New York: Garland, 1992. 93-115.

---. "Englishing the Bible, 1066-1549." Wallace 454-482.

Lechler, Gotthard. Johann von Wiclif und die Vorgeschichte der Reformation. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1873. English trans. by Peter Lorimer as John Wycliffe and His English Precursors. 2 vols. London: Religious Tract Society, 1884.

Leff, Gordon. Bradwardine and the Pelagians. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1957. 32.

---. Richard Fitzralph: Commentator on the Sentences. Manchester: